The Features Of Corruption Of Latin America - 876 Words

Corruption exists to some extent in all countries. But in Latin America, corruption seems an inextricable part of life. Some schools of thought, particularly those in the political science circle, view corruption as functional to the maintenance of a political system. Meaning, corruption may not be ideal, but it represents a way for people to access resources that would otherwise be unavailable to them. In sharp contrast, economists point to the many downfalls of corruption: a climate of fear and lack of trust in public institutions, a weakening of the democratic system, increased inequality and violence, diminished economic growth, and so on. This paper examines the features of corruption in Latin America and discusses their implications. To begin, it is useful to understand what precisely corruption entails. Many definitions exist, but a classic one is that of Joseph Nye, formulated in 1967: â€Å"Corruption is behavior which deviates from the formal duties of a public role beca use of private-regarding (personal, close family, private clique) pecuniary or status gains; or violates rules against the exercise of certain types of private-regarding influence.† From this definition alone, we glimpse the problems associated with corruption. In any organization, institution or group, rules exist to guide and facilitate interactions. In an environment where rules can be circumvented, stakeholders have little incentive to act fairly or honestly. Indeed, this has been theShow MoreRelatedEssay On Investigative Journalism1366 Words   |  6 PagesComplicating definitions: Latin American watchdogs [en] el periodismo de investigacià ³n†¦, sos tan grande como el enemigo que elegà ­s o como el desafà ­o que elegà ­s†¦ eso es lo que define tu capacidad de grandeza Eduardo Galeano (interviewed by Faà ºndez, 2002: 11) The narratives and the evidence about the status of IJ in Latin America are contradictory. For some, there is an increasing practice of this genre of journalism (Alves, 2005; Castillo, 2016; Joyce, Saldaà ±a, Schmitz Weiss, Alves, 2017) whileRead MoreMilitary Interventions During Latin America1363 Words   |  6 PagesInterventions in Latin America During the 1960s and 1970s in Latin America, countries like Argentina, Brazil, and Chile all experienced some sort of authoritarian regime. 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I will then talk about, â€Å"conflict analysis ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬, a lens for viewing conflict that brings into focus a multilevel, integrative diagnosis of the violence in Mexico and supports recent evolutions in Plan Merida toward a more holisticRead MoreDemocracy in Latin America Essay2761 Words   |  12 Pagesdemocracy has been establish in every Latin America country except Cuba, which is still a socialist state. It seemed that every other alternative form of government such as Marxism or Leninism has failed and been replaced by democracy. Furthermore it looks like people in Latin American really enjoy democracy and its’ benefits, as they also consider it to be the best form of go vernment. After the failure of authoritarian leaders and the military intervene their lives, Latin American citizens wanted to changeRead MoreLatin American Watchdogs Essay743 Words   |  3 PagesNonetheless, this is a novel, but interesting experience for Latin American watchdogs. 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First,Read MoreFree Trade Agreements And Its Effects On Latin American Nations1187 Words   |  5 PagesFree-Trade agreements, most notably with nations throughout the Latin American region. Latin American countries are geographically and economically similar to the U.S., which makes them valuable partners in furthering America’s global initiatives. The United States has seen considerable economic returns since the advent of these free-trade agreements; however, there is a sense of uncertainty when the analysts examine the effects of FTAs on Latin American nations. The most apparent benefit for nations that

Influences on Designers Mies Van Der Rohe and Breuer,...

To what extent did external influences shape what modernist design became in Europe in the 1920’s? Focusing on chair designs by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Marcel Breuer. In design, external influences have always played a vital role in any given trend. In the 1920’s, an era commonly referred to as the Machine Age , modernist design followed a very focused approach: a desire to create a better world. In this essay, I will make a brief overview of the socio-economic situation of this time period, with a short introduction to the life of the two practitioners whose work I will analyse: Marcel Breuer and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. I will deliver an examination of their most famous designs, by considering three major themes: rejection of†¦show more content†¦The choice of using only the essential materials to create a bold, unconventional structure made this one of the most well-known chairs in the world. He also came up with the B 32; an alternative design of this chair, with no armrest to suit other preferences. Breuer also created the B 3 (Image 2); a design that minimised the usual heavy armchair into its most vital features, while keep ing its function and commodity with this clean geometrical design. ‘Truth to materials’ Although a rejection to ornamentation had been taken, it did not mean that pleasing aesthetics were ignored. Designers chose to take a brave path of making objects that shone through their bare appearance and intention. By doing this, they were incorporating art into the industry. Breuer’s design of the steel armchair (Image 2); was the first chair to be made with tubular steel as its frame material; a revolutionary advance in furniture design. This revealed the honest and true nature of the materials; the tubular steel and polished yarn fabric gave this piece lightness, resistance, and hygienic features. The fabric was positioned to avoid the user’s contact with the coolness of the steel, which additionally highlighted the geometrical look. With this, Breuer was also accomplishing a celebration of industrial imagery. ‘Form follows function’ ‘Form follows function’ incorporates the previous two themes in itself; design must be in directShow MoreRelatedThe Bauhaus : Art Education By Influencing Graphic, Interior, And Typography Design1096 Words   |  5 Pagesarchitect, which studied architecture at the technical institute in Munich from (1903–04) and in Berlin–Charlottenburg from (1905–07). During 1919-1928, German American architect and educator Walter Gropius, as director of the Bauhaus had a major influence on the development of modern architecture. Much of his work, was in collaboration with other architects. Which included the school building, and faculty housing at the Bauhaus from 1925 at the Harvard University Graduate Center, and the United States

Design Thinking and Innovation at Apple free essay sample

The purpose of this assignment is to access the â€Å"Apple way† and understand the source of their systematic innovation and the way to sustain it. The major source of innovation is design thinking, which is also discussed based on Apple case. Finally, Steve Jobs is compared to other major industry player, Bill Gates, in order to understand their major difference and compare their success stories. Is there a systematic approach to Innovation at Apple? How would you characterize it? List at least 3 examples from the case. 1. From the start Apple has been extremely systematic in its approach to innovation. Fine products do not materialize out of thin air; they are a direct result of creative thinking policies and practices. Continuous commitment to improve product design made Apple products more attractive to the consumer. One of Apple’s most important innovation drivers is a policy to put design and interface, â€Å"user experience†, above all. Rather than creating a language or operating system and then â€Å"overlaying† an interface, Apple started with an intuitive and simple interface, and then designed the operating system to accommodate it. In order to do so, programmers and engineers were forced to think as creative designers. This system forced product design team to be innovative in all areas of development. Apple systematically built retail stores network when common wisdom said that technology companies should abandon retail and move online. As a result, Apple ended up with the best of both worlds: a fashionable space for â€Å"hands-on† consumers, including the hip younger generation, and a fully functional online system for the no-nonsense consumer. Apple’s retail outlets have set records for profitability per square foot of retail space, an evident success of â€Å"think differently† philosophy. Perhaps the best example of a systematic approach to innovation is in the ongoing evolution of Apple’s flagship products. The modus operandi is clear: create triumph product and then make small but meaningful improvements every 12 to 18 months. Roll out the new product and sit back while each buyer of the first product rushes to purchase the new version. Sales are generated not only by the product improvements but also by the company’s smart use of generational psychology (â€Å"gotta have the latest! †) and a relentless public relations campaigns culminating in the slick invitation-only rollout featuring Mr. Jobs himself. This system, while not revolutionary (â€Å"marginal improvement system† was discovered by automobile industry 60 years ago), results in steady products improvements coupling each relatively minor enhancement with high revenues nearly as strong as the original product’s ones. Systematic innovation is also demonstrated in â€Å"design sense† Apple’s tendency to design what seems simple and intuitive to the consumer. The introduction of the iPod Mini, which would not have been supported by classic marketing principles, is an excellent example of this. Apple bet that the public would purchase the sleeker, flashier, more compact version of its iPod even though the small size meant sacrificing the amount of music that could be stored. They based this assumption on the fact that consumers crave first and foremost simplicity and functionality. The Mini was a tremendous success and not only because of its reduced size, but also due to its myriad of colors. â€Å"Design sense† allowed Apple to produce a lighter more portable product with enhanced aesthetic qualities, while sacrificing something that turned out not to be crucial to the consumer. While the answer to the question â€Å"Is there a systematic approach to innovation at Apple? † must clearly be â€Å"yes†, ironically Jobs would likely have disagreed with that. Jobs was touting the lack of a system as one of Apple’s greatest strengths. The quote, however, shows that Jobs was aware that systems were in place and functioning, but he calls them â€Å"processes† to avoid stifling connotation of the word â€Å"system†. As shown in the examples above, however, Apple’s system is anything but stifling. The systems fostered by Jobs from the very beginning have fostered a strong creative spirit leading to a superior product line and outstanding sales. That made Apple the leading technology company and confirmed Jobs’s place in history as a visionary who brought man and machine together. 2. To what extent does Apple demonstrate Design Thinking? State your point of view and provide 3 examples from the case to support your argument. Apple products utilize all principles of design thinking: creating products to satisfy human needs, experimenting with products, crafting clear vision, and communicating this vision visually. First of all, Apple products were designed to satisfy human needs by combining simplicity, fun and play with practical use of clever machines. In that way Apple became the pioneer in creating mind-blowing user experiences through its creations: personal computers, iPods, iPads and iPhones. A good example of this is its experimentation and product diversification of the iPod family though the iPod Mini, which is smaller and has unusual colors. Second, Apple continues to experiment, learns from its mistakes, and continually builds on and improves its existing product line. This way it creates a series of products, each only slightly different from its predecessor, but still perceived as indispensible to the â€Å"hip† consumer. This segment remains excited to buy Apple products because they feed on curiosity, targeting buyers who crave something new, useful, and fashionable. Third, Steve Jobs is famous for its enthusiastic speeches and clear communication of his vision. His speeches and Apple commercials create an emotional connection with the audience through persuasive storytelling and mind-blowing visuals, which while not always showing the product, still make customers associate them with well-known creative individuals or outstanding experimenters and innovative products. The company builds a strong emotional connection with contemporary audiences that like to enjoy life, think differently and try new experiences. 3. Extra credit for 5%: Compare Steve Jobs as an innovation leader to other leaders in industry. On the surface the two greatest IT geniuses of our age have plenty in common. They were both college dropouts who went on to develop world-changing technologies and found multi-billiondollar companies as a result. They were both among the wealthiest individuals of the modern era. They were both innovators and could both been termed â€Å"revolutionary† in terms of their affect on society. They were both in committed relationships with strong families. And they both had a hand in bringing computers out of the punch-card age and into the living room, Jobs by designing a computer and Gates by designing software to run one. There are, however, significant differences between the two men. Jobs was always more flashy, more charismatic, and certainly more of a showman. He was a master at public relations and relished time in front of the cameras, at least when unveiling or demonstrating the products of his company. Gates was never considered a master at public relations. However, Gates has a better public image than Jobs thanks to his strong belief and deep involvement in philanthropy. He is actively and passionately involved in his Bill and Melinda Foundation and tours the world encouraging wealthy individuals to support worthy causes. He has joined forces with other billionaires like Warren Buffet to drive his point home and is now widely perceived to be more concerned with how to distribute his fortune than how to increase it. Jobs also had the greater sales and marketing expertise, receiving sole credit for the rags-to-riches story of his company Apple Computers and then for repeating the feat 12 years later. Gates and Jobs were both CEOs of their companies, but the success of Gates’s company Microsoft is often attributed as much to his multi-talented Business Manager Steve Ballmer as to Gates himself. Indeed Ballmer eventually replaced Gates as CEO in a less-than-smooth transition that many believe Gates resented. Interestingly Jobs was forced out of his CEO role as well (and also forced out of his company, unlike Gates), only to be re-invited to the helm twelve years later and restore Apple to a preeminent position among the world’s technology companies. Microsoft never floundered like Apple did in the late 80s and early 90s so Gates never had the opportunity to return as a white knight and â€Å"rescue† his company. Conversely Microsoft has not experienced the exponential growth that Apple saw between Jobs’s return in 1997 and his death in 2011.

Strength Based Nursing Health Care Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strength Based Nursing Health Care. Answer: Contribution in developing community strength Community strength is the extent to which the processes and resources in a community is maintained which will increase the well being of the people living in the community (Snellman and Gedda 2012). Doctors provide medications to the patients for curing the disease, but the nurses are the real care givers that not only provide treatments, but also get emotionally attached to them. This assignment provides evidence reflecting the community strength of the nurses (DiCenso, Guyatt and Ciliska 2014). In our nursing course once our team visited an old age home run by a charity trust. The home was not at all in a good condition. Despite of the lump sum of donations given for the home the residences of the home never got the facilities. Our team visited the home, listened to their grievances and took actions accordingly. We provided food, clothes and necessary commodities to the residences, did a thorough cleaning of the home , let some of them talk to their closed ones, who were not otherwise allowed and spent a quality time with them by talking to them. Although, this program was not a part of our curriculum we did it with utmost care. The following incidence provides us an idea about the individual strength of a person as a nurse, and the order in which they are present is as follows:- 1.Spirituality 10. Perspective 11. Love 20. Kindness 13. Fairness 14. Love of learning 15. Zest 12. Humor 5. Hope 4. Judgment 8. Honesty19. Leadership 22. Team work 23. Social Intelligence 21. Self regulation 7. Gratitude 8. Hope 6. Prudence 8. Honesty 9. Humility 16. Bravery 17. Curiosity 18. Perseverance. These were the following qualities in order that could be found in the following activity. Strength based nursing care Vs. Problem based nursing care Most of the nurses are trained in such a way that they focus only on the specific problems. They tend to focus on the thing which is dysfunctional. Strength base nursing brings balance to this by expanding the role of the nurses (Gottlieb, Gottlieb and Shamian 2012). Strength based nursing is driven by philosophy and integrated value. Although there are many evidences supporting the problem based learning prevalent in Australia, but strength based nursing focuses on the principle of a care that is family centered, which can be suitable for the treatment of many disease, especially in elderly persons (Willis, Reynolds, and Keleher 2016). References DiCenso, A., Guyatt, G. and Ciliska, D., 2014.Evidence-Based Nursing-E-Book: A Guide to Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Gottlieb, L.N., Gottlieb, B. and Shamian, J., 2012. Principles of strengths-based nursing leadership for strengths-based nursing care: A new paradigm for nursing and healthcare for the 21st century.Nursing Leadership,25(2), pp.38-50. Snellman, I. and Gedda, K.M., 2012. The value ground of nursing.Nursing ethics,19(6), pp.714-726. Willis, E., Reynolds, L. and Keleher, H. eds., 2016.Understanding the Australian health care system. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Hemingway Indian Camp free essay sample

In Hemingway’s short story â€Å"Indian Camp†, the use of light and dark symbolism is apparent throughout. Two different races are seen in the story, the white man, and the dark skinned Indians. The white man seems to be living the life, while the Indians live in a life of oppression and despair. The white man is clearly â€Å"superior† to the Indians, however Hemingway’s greater purpose of this symbolism is seen in the enlightenment of Nick Adams. When Nick Adams begins the story on his way to this camp he is already taken into the dark upon his initial journey along with his father and Uncle. Led by an Indian guide, Nick has no idea of what to expect or where he is being led. Upon their arrival to the camp several symbols of light and dark are seen quite clearly. Hemingway touches on a few characteristics including the Uncle’s cigar, and Indian guide leading them with his lantern. We will write a custom essay sample on Hemingway Indian Camp or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the cigar, it burns and sheds light in a dark world, a world these white men are not accustomed to and have no knowledge on. He then attempts to share his cigars with the Indians, perhaps showing he is willing to share his knowledge with them as well. Later, Hemingway describes how the Indian guide uses his lantern during their journey to the camp, however once they reach the road, he blows it out signifying how that road built by the white man now sheds light on where he is, and that is the Indian Camp. Upon their arrival, Nick’s father finally finds Shanty, the pregnant Indian he must perform surgery on. The Indians in this scene, step away from the lit road, and sit in the dark. Perhaps they are more comfortable in the dark and have no desire to be under the white mans light. Or in this case watch the white man perform surgery. Later, the woman’s husband is found dead, and Nick’s father tries to hide this harsh reality from his son, but Nick experiences it all in one night. At the beginning of their journey, Nick was led to the camp by the Indian guide with the lantern. Upon his departure, he reaches enlightenment on life in the light of a new day. He found a new understanding thanks to a dark skinned Indian guide with a lantern. Symbolically he was guiding Nick to his new perceptions and understanding, at least in my opinion. The metaphors are quite apparent in Hemingway’s writing. Two opposing cultures, races, and people contrasted throughout in â€Å"light† and â€Å"dark†. Nick had to take the darkness to eventually receive the light. He had to see a different side of life to reach clarity and understanding. Hemingway displays the racial differences and thoughts of both the Indians and white men with his symbolism in this story.

Free Essays on The Things They Carried Is A Story

â€Å"The Things They Carried† is a Story What makes a story a story? It’s not just having a few colorful characters and an exciting plot. There are many elements, such as point of view, narrative, idea, and description, along with, of course, a plot and characters, that go into writing a story. If a story seems too detailed or too realistic, that does not mean that it is not a story. Having detailed descriptions of scenery or objects, and having realistic characters, conflicts, and events, just make the story that much more interesting and believable. In O’Brien’s, â€Å"The Things They Carried†, these elements are present and help to make the story so believable that one could question whether or not it should be consider a story. Since the plot of the story seems so accurate, one might argue that â€Å"The Things They Carried† should not be considered a story. However, the plot is what makes a story, a story. The author describes the various soldiers of a platoon, discussing their personalities, their inner-thoughts, and their burdens. He mostly focuses on the mind of Lt. Cross, whose head is preoccupied with the thoughts of the girl he loves, Martha. The author later shows the guilt Lt. Cross feels after he loses one of his men, due to that fact that his mind was else where, rather than focusing on the war. O’Brien also shows the type of equipment each man had to carry. Each man carried 150 or more pounds with him on a daily basis. This may or may not seem realistic to people who know nothing about war, but to those who have experienced it, know about all the weapons, supplies, and burdens, each soldier had to carry during battle. It is also shown in the story, that almost all the soldiers fel t that they were marching from place to place for no reason. They all sort of lost sight of the reason that they were there. They would just go from village to village and burn them down. They also had to search caves they came a... Free Essays on The Things They Carried Is A Story Free Essays on The Things They Carried Is A Story â€Å"The Things They Carried† is a Story What makes a story a story? It’s not just having a few colorful characters and an exciting plot. There are many elements, such as point of view, narrative, idea, and description, along with, of course, a plot and characters, that go into writing a story. If a story seems too detailed or too realistic, that does not mean that it is not a story. Having detailed descriptions of scenery or objects, and having realistic characters, conflicts, and events, just make the story that much more interesting and believable. In O’Brien’s, â€Å"The Things They Carried†, these elements are present and help to make the story so believable that one could question whether or not it should be consider a story. Since the plot of the story seems so accurate, one might argue that â€Å"The Things They Carried† should not be considered a story. However, the plot is what makes a story, a story. The author describes the various soldiers of a platoon, discussing their personalities, their inner-thoughts, and their burdens. He mostly focuses on the mind of Lt. Cross, whose head is preoccupied with the thoughts of the girl he loves, Martha. The author later shows the guilt Lt. Cross feels after he loses one of his men, due to that fact that his mind was else where, rather than focusing on the war. O’Brien also shows the type of equipment each man had to carry. Each man carried 150 or more pounds with him on a daily basis. This may or may not seem realistic to people who know nothing about war, but to those who have experienced it, know about all the weapons, supplies, and burdens, each soldier had to carry during battle. It is also shown in the story, that almost all the soldiers fel t that they were marching from place to place for no reason. They all sort of lost sight of the reason that they were there. They would just go from village to village and burn them down. They also had to search caves they came a...

Drama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Drama - Essay Example The film also reflects how Mozart constantly challenged traditional musical conventions. He did this in his choice of subject matter, which often introduced ideas that seemed lewd and vulgar to the upper elite, but that is not such a shock to today’s audience. The film brings this shock-factor out by focusing on Mozart’s sometimes bizarre behavior and outlandish outfits. For example, he is very dramatic in his staging of Figaro. He emphasizes the emotional qualities of the story, but is told music does not entertain. Accepted wisdom held that the purpose of music is to make the listener think and to bring his thinking closer to God. Yet, this is exactly what Mozart’s music does for Salieri, â€Å"God was singing to all the world of perfect absolution.† Throughout the film, lighting and costuming show Mozart to be seeking ways of being different. However, it is the music that drives the audience. This is emphasized by Salieri’s reverent descriptions, â€Å"replace one note and it would be diminished, displace one phrase and the structure would fall. Here again was the very voice of God.† Even the darkest music presented in the film, the final scene of Don Giovanni, is presented as a heavenly voice and drives

Marketing assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing assessment - Essay Example For the purpose of fulfilling its motto of quality customer service, Etihad Airways provides its travelers with comfortable and convenient lounge services. The lounges are build using warm services and a well-appointed interior which provides its customers a luxurious and comfortable flight to their destinations. The method of SWOT Analysis is a technique of strategic planning utilized to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats which are the part of the current project. It pertains to the specifying of project objective and identification of external and internal factors which have been positive and adverse in the achievement of the project objectives. Etihad Airways has built well-furnished, luxurious lounges for its travelers in Abu Dhabi and all around the world. These lounges have spa, refreshment rooms, five start dining, a well-stocked library and other services for its customers. Price is the key element of marketing mix which generates revenues from sale. Besides this, all other elements constitute costs for the business. The element of price is fixed by discovering the customer’s perception regarding the value of item to be

What do you expect will be the character of the 21st century Peaceful Essay

What do you expect will be the character of the 21st century Peaceful War-prone Chaotic - Essay Example In any case, several challenges continue to face humanity in the aspect of human relations and this creates the need for measures to address the fundamental concerns affecting humanity. In any case, the century is still young and anything is certainly possible. In the face of the growing challenges facing the world in terms of unpredictable future relations between certain countries in the world, several realities emerge. In a way, the character of the 21st century is very much unpredictable and it basically calls for a keen analysis of the whole situation in order to make sound and valid predictions in relation to the issue. In the context of peace and war, it is safer to confirm that the 21st century seems to promise much hope for the future. In a way, it certainly appears that humanity has understood the extent to which a modern war can have devastating effects on the lives of humanity. As such, most countries across the world are pushing for measures that can enhance peaceful coe xistence across the world. Peace, in the context of international relations is the catalyst that can steer the course of life and drive the true sense of civilization. The experience of the two World Wars confirmed to the world that peace is the only option in a world were technology and civilization has advanced to the levels it is currently realized. The 21st century presents humanity with myriad challenges that seem to shift the priorities of humanity from the issues of war to the more fundamental concerns of this age. Such issues as climate change, poverty and other aspects continue to confront humanity day by day. In any case, the challenges that would otherwise be addressed through wars in the past are no longer addressed the same way. The United States is very careful in its operations across the world and the search for peace seems to be the most pressing preoccupation. In a way, challenges seem to emerge in this regard. The growth of the Chinese economy seems to present muc h headache to the Americans and it appears that the political world order might soon shift positions (Walt 45). There is a sense of growing awareness on the devastating effects of the wars that have always affected humanity. Through media and other avenues, people across the world are able to evidence the effects of the chaos that seem to be realized in certain parts of the world (Steele 25). More importantly, one of the most critical issues in the present world order has become the economic preoccupation of countries across the world. Unfortunately, economic realizations will never go in tandem with a turbulent political environment (Falk 6). It therefore goes without doubt that the 21st century promises much of peaceful coexistence in the world more than it promises a sense of chaos. However, amid the sense of peace that can be envisioned deep into the century, several challenges seem to emerge. In any case, it appears that in certain respects, war become the only option. The 21st century is inundated with a lot of challenges that seem to present a dim future for the future. The problem of terrorism is a real fact that cannot be overlooked (Scholte 250). The United States is basically at the forefront in dealing with the challenge of terrorism in the world (Jackson 15). Well, this is certainly a very delicate process where war can always be an option. In fighting terrorism across the world, it does appear that the 21st century is much gloomy in terms of dealing with the aspects of human security in relation to the challenges posed by terror (Mearsheimer 14). The notion that certain miscreants are out to terrorize the world and make life seem like mere luck is certainly not the best situation to be. In this context, to address the critical aspects of safety of its citizens, the United States has to brace up for any eventuality and this translates

Band Overview Of Linkin Park Music Essay

Band Overview Of Linkin Park Music Essay Linkin Park has been among the worlds most famous rock bands. They have been known for their uniqueness with the type of music they are playing. They eventually became very famous with the release of their debut album titled Hybrid Theory in year 2000 which sold out 4.8 million copies that made it achieve platinum for ten times. They were named as the Best Hard Rock or Metal Band of the year. The Members Chester Bennington He is the vocalist and the song writer of the band. He was born and grew up in Phoenix, Arizona. He is short and lanky and he usually wears black horn rimmed glasses. And he changes his hair color and style frequently. He really has high range of voice thats why he can produce high pitched sounds which is very noticeable on him. Most of the songs of the band were trademarked with his screams. (Biography Base) Rob Bourdon He is the drummer and the youngest member of the band. He was born an grew up in Calabasas, California. His mother was friends with Joey Kramer who was the drummer of the band Aerosmith. So he started playing drums after he had watched an Aerosmith concert. He had his first band around the age of nine. (L.P. Association) Brad Delson He is the lead guitarist and was known to be one of the founding members of the band. He was born in Agoura, California. He was actually a Jewish. He usually wears large earphones on stage. The first instrument he learned to play was the trumpet. During his college days, he named himself as Big Bad Brad. (Biography Base) David Phoenix Farrell He commonly called Phoenix and he is the bassist of the band. He was born in Plymouth, Massachusetts. He knows how to play electric guitar, bass guitar, violin and cello. His first band was Tasty Snax which is a Christian punk band. Joseph Mr. Hahn He was commonly known as Mr. Hahn. He was a turntablist and director best known as the DJ and sampler of the band. He was considered ad the most creative member of the band. He was born in Dallas, Texas. He was the first Korean to receive a Grammy Award when Linkin Park won the Best Hard Rock Performance Award in 2002. He directed some of the videos of their band like Numb, From the Inside, Somewhere I Belong and many more. (L.P. Association) Mike Shinoda He was the rhythm guitarist, keyboardist, vocalist songwriter, rapper of the band. He was born in Agoura, California. He started writing songs in his 9th grade. He was the one who designed the album for the Hybrid Theory cover. (IMDB) History First Years Linkin Park was originally composed of three members, Mike Shinoda, Brad Delson and Rob Bourdon. They met during their high schools in Agoura High School. They were considered as the foundation of the band. After they finished their high school degree, they focused their selves in their music career. They started recruiting new members and they were Joe Hahn, Dave Farrell more commonly known as Phoenix and Mark Wakefield. They named their band Xero. The first recording they made was in 1996. Though they lack funds in order to afford recording and producing singles, they still continue working things out in Shinodas make-shift recording studio. Unfortunately, the first recording they produced made no deal. This brought them frustration and much discouragement to pursue their music career. Due to this unfortunate event, their current vocalist that time, Wakefield, left the band to search for other projects. After sometime, Farrell also left the band in order to play with Tasty Snax and rock bands. After some considerable time searching for an alternative to Wakefield, the band recruited Chester Bennington from Arizona as their new vocalist. Bennington was referred in March 1999 by Jeff Blue, the VP of Zomba Music. He was a former member of Grey Daze. He was accepted in the band because of his unique style in singing. The band name Xero was changed into Hybrid Theory. The band experienced great revival since the superb chemistry between Bennington and Shinoda began. Because of this revival, they were inspired to make a new album. The bands renaissance led to the change of bands name, from Hybrid Theory, they changed it to Linkin Park. The name came from the play and homage to Santa Monicas Lincoln Park. Despite of these changes, the band still struggled to make a deal with their recordings. They experienced rejection from different recording companies. They asked help from Jeff Blue, now the VP of Warner Bros. Blue help the band to sign a deal with the company. Finally, in year 1999 they successfully made a deal with the company and the following year they were able to produce their first album entitled Hybrid Theory. Their Breakthrough In October 2004, they released their first album, Hybrid Theory. The album consists of songs composed and worked on by the band for almost five years. Don Gilmore, a music producer, did the editing and polishing of the album. The album did catch the peoples ears. They sold more than 4.8 million copies of their album during its debut year. Their singles Crawling and One Step became top songs in alternative musics playlists during that year. Their songs were even featured in some movies. Some of the movies were Valentine, Little Nicky and Dracula. Their album was amazingly nominated for three Grammy Awards. They were nominated for Best New Artist, Best Hard Rock Performance and Best Rock Video. Their single In the End was rewarded by MTV as Best Rock Video and Best Direction. Because of these great achievements, the band indeed reached its peak of success and they became well-known in the music industry. They started receiving offers for performing in tours and concerts. Some of these were KROQ Almost Acoustic Christmas and Ozzfest and Family Values Tour. They had their first own tour called Projekt Revolution. Some of their features artists were Snoop Dog, Cypress Hill and Adema. In one year, the band were able to perform in 320 concerts. All their concerts and performances were documented in their first DVD, Frat Party at the Pancake Festival, which was released in November 2001. When the bassist of the band, Dave Farrell rejoined the band, they made remix album entitled Reanimation which includes singles from Hybrid Theory and Hybrid Theory EP. The new remix album was released in July 30, 2002 which features other artists like Aaron Lewis, Jonathan Davis and Black Thought. The album sold almost 270,000 copies during its debut year and it made second place in the Billboard 200. Release of Meteora After the great success of their two albums, Hybrid Theory and Reanimation, Linkin Park paid much time on conducting concerts all over United States. Though their schedules were too tight because of their tours, they still made effort to produce another album. In December 2002, they told the public about their upcoming album which was inspired by a historic monastery in Greece, Meteora. In this album, they included revivals of their previous nu-metals and rapcore styles. They used a Japanese flute bamboo called Shakuhachi and other new music technologies. Meteora was finally released in March 25, 2003. The album sold more than 800,000 copies during its first week of release. It became the top selling album in Billboard hit charts. Their singles Numb and Somewhere I belong had magnificent music videos. By October 2003, the album sold more than 3 million copies. Because of their albums success, they made another Projekt Revolution which featured other artists like Blindside and Xzibit. They were also invited by the famous heavy metal group, Metallica, to play at the Summer Santinarium Tour 2003. Linkin Park released an album entitled Live in Texas which includes some of their performances during the Tour 2003. Their single from Meteora, Somewhere I Belong won the Best Rock Video in MTV awards and the single Breaking the Habit won the Viewers Choice Award. In year 2004, the band won as Artist of the Year and Numb as Song of the year in Radio Music Awards. Meteora was the third best-selling album in America during 2003. The bands other side Linkin Park focused on conducting tours and sideline projects instead of producing a new album. Bennington participated in DJ Lethals State of the Art while Shinoda worked with Dà ©pà ªche Mode. In year 2004, they started working with a remix album with Jay-Z entitled Collision Course. The album was released in 2004 which includes mixtures of lyrics of both artists tracks. Shinoda forms a new band named Fort Minor as his sideline. Because of some financial issues with their recording company Warner Bros., their relationship with the company started to decline. Fortunately, in year 2006, after persuading the recording company, they made another album deal. Linkin Park also participated in some charity events like the fund raising for the victims of Hurricane Charley in the year 2004 and the Hurricane Katrina in year 2005. They also conducted charity concerts for the victims of tsunami and they even establishes a charity called Music for Relief. Another thing was their participation in Live 8 which was a global awareness society. In year 2006, the band spend most of their times working on their third album. They planned to stay away from the usual kind of muscical tones they were playing which is already very predicatable for their usual listeners. They want some twist and change in their music style. (L.P. History) Music Genre Linkin Parks most music fall into alternative metal, nu metal and raprock. They were somehow influenced by hiphop, alternative rock and electronica. Discography 2000 Hybrid Theory 2001 In the End 2003 Reanimation 2003 Meteora 2003 Somewhere I Belong 2003 Live in Texas 2004 Numb/Encore 2004 Collision Course 2004 Breaking the Habit 2004 From the Inside 2007 Minutes to Midnight 2007 Shadow of the Day 2007 Bleed it Out 2008 Songs from the Underground 2008 Road to Revolution: Live at Milton Keynes 2008 Leave out All the Rest 2008 Given Up 2009 New Divide 2010 The Catalyst A Thousand Suns (Linkin Park)

Impacts Of Family Traditions And Religion In India Essay -- essays res

Impacts of Family Traditions and Religion in India Family traditions and religion greatly impact the lives of many people in India. These elements of culture are reasons that form the way that Indians lead their lives. Both factors make up what type of person that individual will become. That is the reason why religion and family traditions are so valued in Indian society. Religion is probably the most definitive factor in the way that an Indian will lead his life, particularly if they practice Hinduism. In Hinduism this person must follow a strict set of rules called Dharma. These rules state how this person shall lead his life. They state that each person must follow their Dharma at all costs. For example if their Dharma tells them to kill someone then it is acceptable to that person. A passage from the Bhagavad Gita explains this best through this passage â€Å"It is better to do one’s duty badly than to do another’s well†. Dharma varies from class to class in the caste system. The rules get stricter and stricter as one goes up the class system. The caste system is the second most definitive factor to all Indians. This caste system will determine what kind of job and what set of Dharma one must follow. This caste system tells one whom they can and cannot marry. This caste system directly impacts all of Indian society lives greatly. To me this caste system reflects a segregated community that judge’s people on the mere fact of their birth. This segregation also keeps life for...

Letter to Boyfriend

When we first started going out, my friends and family noticed a difference in me. I'd come home from school and my family would say, â€Å"You're smiling a lot. † My friends would ask how you're doing, and I'd blush as we talked. When I'm with you, it's like my world is in perfect harmony. I could get lost in your eyes. You're an all-around amazing guy, intelligent, sweet, funny, adorable†¦ The list goes on. I appreciate you. I cherish you. You kept me strong, kept me believing.And even when I was ready to give up on myself, you weren't. You've never given up on me, even when I didn't think I was worth it. I want you beside me always. Over the last year and 9 months you have sincerely been everything I have ever hoped for in a partner and so much more than I ever believed I could find in another person. Being with you is so amazing. You are my playmate, my confidant, my passionate lover, my protector, my partner and cost importantly my true friend.Over the thought of spe nding the rest of my life by your side gives me butterflies. Good or bad, I want to be right there with you through it all and I truly want to experience as much of life as we possibly can together. Thank you for every moment we have shared since that day we met. Thank you for your love, patience, kindness and generosity. Thank you for really loving me. Happy anniversary babe I love you so much. :*

Lubna Olayan

Lubna Olayan Lubna Olayan is one of the most prolific Saudi women of this new age. She was born in August 1955 and of age she has been able to acquire the title â€Å"most influential business woman in the middle east of all times†.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Lubna Olayan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More She acquired this designation whilst working at her fathers company, the Olayan Financial; a business that operates in Riyad where she is the CEO. This company boasts being the most successful and efficiently run company in the middle east, with resources and operation consisting of manufacturing, investment (they are the largest stock market investor in Saudi Arabia), and distribution just to name a few. The company in essence is a conglomerate (Al-Ghazali and Sadi 9). Achievements and Leadership Style One of her greatest achievement took place at the economic Forum in Jeddah when she was invited to speak. This occurred in 2004 and it was a defining moment for her since she was actually allowed to speak in the presence of men in Saudi Arabia, which is unheard of in this region. In her speech, she reiterated the need for a fair open society where jobs are accessible by anyone willing to work despite their gender. She also spoke of the need for the country acquiring and maintaining tolerance to other countries despite religion, gender or creed. This according to Forbes Magazine was the deciding moment for the Muslim woman all over the world. As a result of her active role in advocating for women’s rights, she has been termed as one of the greatest philanthropic women leaders of all time. Her passion for seeking financial education and always clarifying the need for individuals to respect everyone despite of their gender has placed her in the world map as one of the most adored women leaders and role models. At reported in the Time website, although she has been actively involved in fi ghting for women’s rights, her humbleness has made her to downplay her constructive contribution on the perceptions of Arab women.Advertising Looking for assessment on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More She has always reminded people that all women can do and even perform better than men as long as they are given the opportunity (Talal Al-Saud 80-82). Generally, through her advocacy for social change, Middle East is slowly embracing the need for social change and creation of leaders who respect and appreciate the potential of people. Lubna has achieved this by using her position in different boards of big companies to influence people towards appreciating humanity. In addition to this, she has actively been involved in philanthropic and numerous education programs, whose main aim is to explore people’s identity. Her overall ranking amongst the most powerful women in the world is ninety seven acc ording to Forbes magazine, but according to the Fortune magazine, she has been ranked among the fifty most influential women globally. Lubna Olayan holds a BS in Agriculture from Cornell University and an MBA from Indiana University, Bloomington and she is in charge of forty companies. Her rise to the top was fast ,because of her superior intellect, which made her to be selected to the board of Chelsfied PLC until 2004. In 2004, she became a member of the board of the Saudi Hollandi Bank PLC, after which she was appointed a non executive director of WPP’s board. Later on, she was also a board member of the International Advisory Board of the Council Foreign Relations and World Economic Forum and a member of the international advisory board of both the Citigroup and the Rolls-Royce Company. In terms of awards, she once received a Cornell entrepreneur of the year present. She is a believer in hard work and persistence; a motto she instills in all her companies. She also believe s in giving the best jobs to the best suited person irrespective of their gender.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Lubna Olayan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is all this plus other qualities that have made her to be one of the successful women entrepreneurs and leaders of all time (Al Shahrabani and Boer). Al-Ghazali, Basheer Mohammad and Sadi, Muhammad Asad.Doing business with impudence: A focus on women entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia. African Journal of Business Management 4.1 (2010): 1-11 Print. Al Shahrabani, Achmed and Boer, Kito.Modernizing the United Arab Emirates: An Interview with the Minister of Economy Lubna Al Qasimi.The McKinsey Quarterly (2008). Print. Talal Al-Saud, Alwaleed. Lubna Olayan. Time, 18 April: 2005. 80-82 Web. http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1972656_1972717_1974067,00.html

Central NY Basketball, Inc. v. Barnett (181 N.E.2d 506, Ct. C.P. Cuyahoga Cty. OH 1961 Essays

Central NY Basketball, Inc. v. Barnett (181 N.E.2d 506, Ct. C.P. Cuyahoga Cty. OH 1961 Essays Central NY Basketball, Inc. v. Barnett (181 N.E.2d 506, Ct. C.P. Cuyahoga Cty. OH 1961 Paper Central NY Basketball, Inc. v. Barnett (181 N.E.2d 506, Ct. C.P. Cuyahoga Cty. OH 1961 Paper Sports and the Law: Case Presentation N. E. central NY Basketball, Inc. v. Barnett (181 N. E. 2d 506, ct. C. P. Cuyahoga cty. OH 1961 1. Facts of the Case The plaintiff in this case is Central NY Basketball, Inc. , who owns the Syracuse Nationals of the National Basketball league (NBA). There are two defendants: Richard Barnett, a #1 draft choice of the plaintiff in 1959, and Cleveland Basketball Club, Inc. , who owns the Cleveland Pipers of the American Basketball league (ABL). The defendant, Barnett, is currently under contract with the plaintiff. 2. Procedure This case was heard in the Court of Common Pleas in Cleveland, Ohio, which would be considered to be on the trial court level. 3. Law in Question The law in question would be breach of contract by the defendants. 4. What is the issue? The defendant, Richard Barnett, played for the plaintiff in both the year he was drafted 1959 and the following season in 1960 under a signed and executed Uniform Player Contract of the National Basketball Association. This contract also included an option for the plaintiff to renew said contract for an additional year. The breach of contract occurred when the defendant, Barnett, refused to play with and for the plaintiff during the 1961-62 season. Barnett made and entered into an American Basketball League with the defendant, Cleveland Basketball Club, Inc. , to render his services for the 1961-62 season. The plaintiff claims that it cannot be properly compensated for damages in an action at law for the loss of Barnetts services and is petitioning for Barnett to not be allowed to play for the defendant, Cleveland Basketball Club, Inc. 5. Holding The court ultimately ruled in favor of the plaintiff, and the injunction request for the 1961-62 season was granted and after that season would be dissolved. 6. Courts Reasoning The courts reasoning for their decision was that there was no adequate and complete remedy at law and the injury to the plaintiff is irreparable. 7. My opinion I completely agree with the decision made by the court to refuse the defendant, Barnett, from playing for the co-defendant Cleveland Basketball Club, Inc. In the case Cleveland Basketball Club, Inc. ies to Justify entering into a contract with Barnett because he does not possess great skill but they do still acknowledge that he is under contract with the plaintiff. So no matter the skill level he is still under contract, which means that he cannot enter into another one until the current one is over. Eventually after the court ruled in favor of the plaintiff both teams did however come to an agreement where Barnett was allowed to play for the Cleveland Pipers of the ABL. Central NY Basketball, Inc. v. Barnett (181 2d 506, Ct. C. P. Cuyahoga cty. OH 1961 By demarchi411

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Personal Statement - Essay Example Pursuing Master’s in this area will be a valuable investment for the future prospects since the business industry is growing tremendously and technology continues to advance at a high rate. I have deepened my understanding of marketing while pursuing the degree. In this respect, I believe that my knowledge in marketing will increase after pursuing my Master’s degree. In the 21st century, marketing is the most important department in any business whether small, large, or medium. The business world requires an individual who is adequately equipped to solve complex challenges that emerge in the marketing field. I believe that experts are required in this field to provide solutions and analytical skills of emerging the best in a globalized world. As such, I believe that furthering my studies will deepen my understanding of any business and thereafter, I will educate many people about the creative side of marketing and the psychology behind it. I look forward to learning mor e about this course at Master’s level so that I can offer the best services and make my career rewarding and fulfilling. MSc International Business Personal Statement I strongly believe that International Business is a great development as it permits to express my desire for business and hobby for travelling. The aim of pursuing this development is to develop my skills and understanding in the commercial world. The course is important as it allows students to understand the nature of technology particularly in the business world. Having completed a Bachelor degree in this course, I believe that the course has given me the sense of responsibility and commitment from, which I thrive for in this field. Specifically, I am eager to learn and increase my knowledge in this field. Pursuing a master in this course is important, as it will increase my knowledge in international business. After completing my Master’s, I believe that I will have opportunities to explore my passion and interests in this field as a competitive employer or employee. The course will allow me to utilise my skills and talents that I have, in essence, I love travelling all over the world. I have a great passion in the business world and I yearn to bring the best in this field. I perceive international business as a great course in today’s society due to globalisation and innovations in technology. As the business world becomes competitive, it requires experts to come up with the best strategies to remain competitive internationally. Pursuing MSc in international business is important since I will be adequately prepared to understand the process of globalization as a whole. Consequently, I will be competitive in the field of international business. I will have adequate knowledge that the society needs to solve complex problems that emerge in this field. MSc Project Management Personal Statement I have a strong expertise in the discipline of organizing, controlling, motivating , and planning resources. In the realm of education, I have established that the primary challenge of project management is to understand the project goals and objectives, and honouring the scope of time and budget. In my professional life, I have been involved in project management roles and this has made me aware of the diverse challenges that project managers face. I believe that the failure or success of projects, in political, social, and economic field rest on the quality of the project’s goals and the expertise of those involved in the project. In

Theory and practice of managing people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Theory and practice of managing people - Essay Example FollyWood is a large, open-air theme park where the vast majority of the employees serve on a seasonal basis. It was recently acquired by a large leisure company, Leisure, Inc., but is still run as a separate entity. FollyWood pursues a â€Å"hard approach† and does not exert any effort to generate employee commitment among its seasonal staff. As a result, the firm experiences high turnover among its seasonal staff, which is assumed to cause the fall in profits and increase in customer complaints. In light of these antecedents, this report takes the position that FollyWood should assume a comprehensive approach towards reducing the turnover of seasonal staff and motivating its staff, both seasonal and permanent, towards more productive and fulfilling relations with the customers, the company and its leadership, their co-workers, and other parties they deal with at work. The report shall touch on: 1. Undertake a job analysis and restructuring program (Heron, 2005). It is likely that the number of seasonal workers may be reduced in favour of increasing the permanent staff. This will require creating positions that may combine seasonal functions with permanent ones, or realising economies of scale organisation-wide by integrating operations and sharing personnel with other units of Leisure, Inc. Activities that may be accomplished long this line include: 1.1. Perform a job description analysis of existing positions. This will clarify what actions are expected of individual employees in order to set fair compensation horizontally and vertically throughout the organisation. 1.2. Rationalise seasonal functions that may be combined to create more permanent or year-long regular jobs. The purpose of this task is to reduce the number of â€Å"seasonal† staff and instead increase the number of employees who would be able to dedicate their full-time efforts to the FollyWood. 1.4. Enhance job enrichment for currently existing positions. Job enrichment is

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 14

ART - Essay Example Her serene expressions depict her inner tranquillity or it could be a sign of melancholy. The Lady in the portrait has alluring lush dark-long hair; her skin tone is fairly light brown, her body is shapely and subtle. Hence, she fulfils all the terms of being an aesthetic beauty, who is out in the nature to be noticed by the artist. Her noticeable ornaments are a finger ring, two bangles in her wrist and a shoulder band tightly enclosed around her upper arm. Ornaments like finger rings either portray commitment or are a sign of wealth. In this portrait, the woman is dominated by blue colour and has beauty all around her in the form of flowers and crystal blue water, but she has tightly closed her eyes either due to serenity or despair. Hence, the portrait leaves one a bit perplexed, the expression spread across her face depict self-possession or serenity, but the element of bliss cannot be suggested for it. Thus, one concludes that the lady in blue is either feeling grey, blue or

TV Al Hijrah Essay Example for Free

TV Al Hijrah Essay Malaysia was one of the earliest British colonies to operate a radio broadcasting service. However, the British government did not show much interest in radio in its early stage of development (Asiah Sarji, 1994). Amateurs electric companies, telecommunication personnel, and radio enthusiasts were among those who started the ball rolling. In 1921 A.L Birch, the chief electrical engineer of the Johor state government, experimented with a Peto Scott type of wireless set obtained from overseas (Malay Mail July 30 1921). In 1923 he formed the Johor Wireless Society, which triggered the formation of nearly one dozen radio societies throughout Malaya. News music and songs from the phonograms were among the first programmed broadcast. The first radio station was established not in Singapore but in Kuala Lumpur. It was the up-country gathering point for rubber estate workers and tin mines and also the capital of the Federated Malay States. It was an unofficial and an amateur radio club, which organized plans to create a local service. Although experimental broadcasts of the Singapore amateur group had begun earlier, the Kuala Lumpur operation was more successful. The Kuala Lumpur Amateur Wireless Society started experimental work in November 1929 and officially commenced its regular broadcast service at 6.30 pm with â€Å"tea dance music from the Selangor Club†. A talk on the activities of the radio club was also transmitted that night. For this and subsequent broadcast, the group was allowed the use of the Post and Telegraph Department transmitter located at Petaling Hill. The station had been constructed in 1928 and then rebuilt the following year to make it permanent installation. This was the central sta tion in the Malayan telegraphic network, but the amateurs managed to convert it to operate telephonically so that voices and music as well as Morse code could be transmitted. In 1931 the Kuala Lumpur Amateur Radio Society (KLARS) acquired its own transmitter a crystal controlled â€Å"Marconi S3A† through government channels and begun using it in May 1931. The chief enhancement afforded by the new equipment was that it operated on shortwave. By functioning on much higher frequencies, the transmitter could provide signals to cover the full length of the peninsula, parts of the Netherlands East Indies and Borneo, even though its power was only 180 watts. The post and Telegraphs Department of the Federated Malay States (FMS) was responsible once again for providing the new equipment to the amateurs, and it volunteered to â€Å"render any assistance to the society†. The selection of the exact wavelength was debated upon by the members, but in the end 75 meter band (4 MHz) was chosen as best for reception for the whole country. After two years of operation, the station shifted to 48.92 meter band or 6.125 MHz In 1933 more permanence was given to the amateurs when they were allocated space to construct a studio next to the transmitting room at Petaling Hill. The broadcasting facilities came in handy for the Japanese during their occupation of three years and eight months. They used broadcasting for propaganda. After the Japanese surrender, the British military administration took charge of broadcasting. On April 1, 1946, the day the Malayan Union came, the governments setup the Department of Broadcasting or Radio Malaya (Glattbach Balakrishnan, 1978: Sarji 1994). The sole function of broadcasting until the country independence in 1957 was to help the government to control the social and political confusion that followed the war and the communist of 1948. [pic] Radio Television Malaysia (RTM) first introduced black and white TV on December 28, 1963. The opening was done by the Prime Minister Tuanku Abdul Rahman at 6pm and the first person who appear on the TV Screen was 9M2RI ( Raja Iskandar) with the establishment of one TV network, Saluran 5 TV Malaysia which operated from its temporary studio in Dewan Tuanku Abdul Rahman in Jalan Ampang Kuala Lumpur. At that time the transmission was from 6.00pm to 9.00pm on the week days and on weekends from 6.00pm to 11.00pm. Initially its area of coverage was confined only to the capital city. Then, later between 1964 and 1965, the nation witnessed the greater expansion of TV transmitters. Finally on October 6, 1969 broadcast operations in the nation’s capital moved to its present site Angkasapuri. Six days later radio and TV broadcasting operations were officially merged and kept under the purview of the Malaysian Information Department on November 17, 1969, RTM started its second network. In 1969 channel 2 was launched and in 1978 color TV was introduced. Despite the rapid development of broadcast in West Malaysia, East Malaysia received their first broadcasting programmed in 1971 (Sabah) and 1975 (Sarawak). The first private commercial broadcasting station was established in June 1983 by System Television Malaysia Berhad and was name as TV3. This was the decade of privatization. It all began with the shifting to new administration from the former Prime Minister Tun Hussein Onn’s to the new administration of Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad. This new administration’s firm belief in privatization sped up the establishment of many private broadcasting stations. TV AL HIJRAH In 622, Muhammad SA faces stiff opposition Quraish tribe in Mecca. He then left the last Mecca to Medina. Prophet Muhammads migration from Mecca to Medina to be the beginning of a very significant history in Islam and thus marked the beginning of one of Muharram in the Islamic calendar. Hijrah means to move. This event is a very big impact. Al Hijrah connotation grow and not purely calendar Prophets pilgrimage, but also extended to any change towards betterment. Hence TV Al Hijrah intends to play the role of a TV for the society continued to change towards betterment. Al Hijrah TV is proud to be a form of broadcasting Islamic content to maintain high standards in the published programs, even high pioneered digital stations (HD) in the local broadcasting industry. TV Al Hijrah is a state-owned free-to-air television network in Malaysia, which is owned and operated by Al Hijrah Media Corporation, a government owned company. It broadcasts from its headquarters in Pusat Islam, Kuala Lumpur. On 16 September 2009, the first Islamic television station in Malaysia, Al Hijrah TV show as a marker of a new era in the broadcasting industry in Malaysia. The primary purpose of this station is to provide a platform TV to educate, entertain and unite the community. Content is appropriate for all ages, for Muslim and non-Muslim audience. The main demographic targeted at young audiences and groups less than 40 years. As the first Islamic TV stations to introduce Islam as a lifestyle, TV Al Hijrah play an important role as a platform for sharing knowledge, information and thoughts to share with Muslims of all walks viewers. TV Al Hijrah offer fresh content and programs that meet the needs of the present audience. Each of content researched and developed not only to attract the attention of the audience through the creative publication, but especially the Islamic current tastes. Most important of all content published on the values ​​of Islam which is anchored to honesty, openness and progressive. TV Al Hijrah has strictly adhered to the teachings and principles of Islam, at the same time respecting the local culture and tradition is not against religion, while adhering to the moral and universal values. They also celebrate knowledge and innovative ideas as well as respect for diversity of views. Prioritize unity and seek solutions through knowledge and information. Quran and Hadith as the main reference which for promoting idea of ​​comparative paradigm capable of lifting, absorption of new technologies especially in the field of broadcasting. It was also offering innovation in multi-platform for media and new media.

What is Research? :: The Definition of Research

Research. Function: noun, verb transitive Etymology: Middle French recerche, from recerchier to investigate thoroughly, from Old French, from re- + cerchier to search Date: 1577 Research is a process of investigation. An examination of a subject from different points of view. It's not just a trip to the library to pick up a stack of materials, or picking the first five hits from a computer search. Research is a hunt for the truth. It is getting to know a subject by reading up on it, reflecting, playing with the ideas, choosing the areas that interest you and following up on them. Research is the way you educate yourself. Research is the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information to increase our understanding of the phenomenon under study. It is the function of the researcher to contribute to the understanding of the phenomenon and to communicate that understanding to others. Research is a process through which we attempt to achieve systematically and with the support of data the answer to a question, the resolution of a problem, or a greater understanding of a phenomenon. Research is defined as human activity based on intellectual application in the investigation of matter. The primary aim for applied research is discovering, interpreting, and the development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge on a wide variety of scientific matters of our world and the universe. DIAGRAMATIC REPRESENTATION OF RESESARCH PROCESS: WHAT IS REPORT? An account presented usually in detail. A formal account of the proceedings or transactions of a group. In writing, a report is a document characterized by information or other content reflective of inquiry or investigation, which is tailored to the context of a given situation and audience. The purpose of reports is usually to inform. Reports may include persuasive elements, such as recommendations, suggestions, or other motivating conclusions that indicate possible future actions the report reader might take. Reports can be public or private, and often address questions posed by individuals in government, business, education, and science. KINDS OF RESEARCH REPORT: ïÆ'Ëœ DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH: This research is the most commonly used and the basic reason for carrying out descriptive research is to identify the cause of something that is happening. For instance, this research could be used in order to find out what age group is buying a particular brand of cola, whether a company’s market share differs between geographical regions or to discover how many competitors a company has in their marketplace.

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Credit Rating Check: Improve Your Credit Score Your credit score is one of your most important financial attributes. Fortunately for those who are unsatisfied with their credit rating, there are plenty of options available. Improving your score is an attainable goal that everyone should aim for, even those who are content with their credit rating. Checking Your Score The first step to improving your credit score is simple, yet essential; request a copy of your credit report. Improvements can only be made when you are aware of your starting point. Luckily, this process is free, easy, and can be done from the comfort of your own home. You can visit www.annualcreditreport.com to complete the necessary forms online, or find information on how to complete the process via phone or mail. Aside from informing you of your score, it is also important to request a credit report to ensure that there are no errors. Clerical mistakes can occur, and you want to make certain that your credit score reflects completely accurate information. It is best to request a credit report as soon as possible, since disputing any issues can be a lengthy process. Paying Bills on Time This may seem like a no-brainer, but one of the most important steps to improving your credit score is to pay all of your bills on time. Even making payments a few days late can have an impact on your score, so try to always pay on (or, even better, before) the due-date. If you find yourself with a missed payment or two, it is very important to get caught up as soon as possible. Although older information will remain on your credit report, it holds less value than current financial activity. The longer you can go without missing a due-date, the less relevance y... ...ge. On top of that, a sudden increase in credit portrays you as a much higher risk than someone who has steadily built up accounts and credit as needed. Improving your credit score can be a difficult and frustrating process that takes plenty of patience. It is important to build strong financial habits that will increase your score over time. When you find yourself dealing with credit from the past, this process becomes even more complicated, but this is when it is most essential to take charge and begin to work on these steps. First and foremost, you must get a credit rating check if you want to improve your score. With that information, you can decide what steps need to be taken; they will be slightly different for everyone. It may be tough to motivate yourself to take charge of your credit score, but you will definitely thank yourself for doing so.

Did America become more intolerant during the 1920’s Essay

America is the most powerful country in the world and prides itself in being a ‘melting pot’ of different cultures but has that always been true of America. I would like to argue that during the 1920’s America became less tolerant of anything Un-American. I would like to mention immigration policy, the Ku Klux Klan, political hysteria and Religious intolerance. Before 1917 America had an ‘open door’ policy toward immigration but thousands of immigrants were pouring in from eastern European, Asian, and African countries which the WASPS (White Anglo Saxon Protestants), who had power at the time, didn’t want in America. After 1917 a literacy test was introduced so all immigrants had to be able to read and write in English to be allowed in to the country which discriminated against non English speaking countries and poorer countries where people couldn’t afford to learn English, and so the ‘open door’ began to close. In 1921 the amount of immigrants was still a major problem to the WASPS and the immigration quota act was introduced that only allowed three hundred and fifty seven thousand immigrants into the USA each year. It also stated the amount of people emigrating from a particular country should not exceed three percent of the number of people from that country already living in America in 1910. This system also discriminated against countries undesirable to the WASPS since they had the smallest population already living in America in 1910. The ‘open door’ closed further in 1924 when the amount of immigrants allowed into America was reduced to two percent of the population in 1890 and in 1929 when the total number of immigrants from any country was reduced to one hundred and fifty thousand people from any country to be allowed into America per year. The purpose of these laws was to protect the interests of the WASPS already in America who held power at the time but feared losing it to opposing groups such as Jews, Catholics, Blacks, Communists and anarchists. Another way America was becoming more intolerant during the 1920’s was through the Ku Klux Klan, an organisation founded by a Texan dentist named Hiram Wesley Evans and its main aim was to protect white supremacy and the interests of the WASPS. During the 1920’s when racial and political intolerance was at a peak membership rocketed to 5 million. The Klan was strongest in the southern states, which had previously been the slave states, and hatred for the blacks was heightened as whites and blacks were now competing for jobs, houses and land. The clan put its views across using extreme violence, for instance, should a black man get a job over a white man the white man would have a word with the Klan, the Klan would pay the black man a visit and the next day the black man would resign so the white man could have the job, in other cases the Klan would organise lynchings where mobs would roam the streets looking for a disliked ethnic minority person to beat up and possibly kill. Membership of the Klan was limited to American WASPS and no other ethnic groups could join. Another aspect of American intolerance was fear of revolution or ‘Red scare.’ In 1920 approximately 150,000 Americans had communist or anarchist views which represented 0.1 percent of the population of America but many Americans feared communist or anarchist revolution more than anything else. Communism and anarchy were feared so as: communist and anarchist extremists were seen to arrange trade union demonstrations which were described by the papers as communist demonstrations, an anarchist shot president McKinley dead twenty years previously, Russia had become a communist country in 1917 and the Palmer incident of 1920. In June 1920 an unidentified man left a bomb outside the house of the attorney general, A Mitchell Palmer which resulted in the death of the bomber. The attack was presumed to be a communist assassination attempt due to a copy of a communist newspaper being found in the vicinity of the blast, which may have been discarded there innocently or planted by Palmer to use the attack to stir up hatred for communists who were regarded as a threat to the American constitution and the WASPS in general. The attack resulted in A Mitchell Palmer heading raids on communists and anarchists that resulted in six thousand arrests and only two prosecutions for firearms offences. Another cause of political intolerance in the 1920’s was the case of Sacco and Vanzetti. Sacco and Vanzetti were charged with a wages robbery in which two guards were shot dead. Sacco and Vanzetti were both recent immigrants from Italy, neither spoke very good English, both were carrying loaded guns when arrested (although this is no crime in the USA even today) and most importantly both harboured anarchist views. Both men were put on trial with a highly biased Judge and a jury made up of WASPS, who in general disliked Anarchists and anything un-American. The evidence for the defence of Sacco and Vanzetti far outweighed the evidence against them and the prosecution even used the fact that Sacco was carrying an anarchist leaflet at the time of arrest against them. Even though Sacco and Vanzetti were probably innocent the jury found them guilty and the pair were executed on the twenty fourth of August 1927. The final aspect of American intolerance in the 1920’s I am going to write about is religious intolerance. Throughout the 1920’s church attendance across America was falling, especially on the urban areas. This worried many religious Americans and some of the more extreme people founded revivalist groups with the aim of getting American people back into the church. A prime example of an extreme revivalist and probably one of the most famous was ‘Sister’ Aimee Semple McPherson. Sister Aimee was head of the ‘Four square gospel alliance’ and she often led services of over five thousand people dressed as an angel and beating time to the hymns on a tambourine. Sister Aimee used the frenzy created during her sermons to make the incurable think they were cured and walk out of wheelchairs and leave crutches behind. Sister Aimee became a millionaire from collections taken during her services. Many Americans also became intolerant to non-American religious views such as Darwin’s theory of evolution. Darwin’s theory of evolution says that humans evolved from apes over millions of years and the bible states that the world was created in 4004 BC by god in six days. Darwin’s theory had caused great controversy in the mid-nineteenth century and was generally accepted across the board but as intolerance grew in the 1920’s people began to doubt this theory and the old arguments flared up again. In 1924 strong fundamentalists (who were against Darwin’s theory) set up the anti-evolution league with the aim of making it illegal to teach the theory of evolution. Even though the idea seems somewhat farfetched the anti evolution league succeeded in six states. In Dayton, Tennessee two teachers, Johnny Scopes and his college decided to put the new law to test and for Johnny Scopes to teach the theory of evolution to his class and his college to sue him for breach of the law. Johnny Scopes taught his class the theory of evolution and was subsequently arrested and put on trial. The two sides hijacked the trial and it became Christian fundamentalism on trail rather than Johnny Scopes. Benefactors from both sides of the argument hired two of the best lawyers in America to fight the ‘Monkey trial’ (as the press called it). During the trial the defence lawyer questioned the prosecution lawyer on flaws in the biblical theory he couldn’t explain to which the prosecution lawyer replied, â€Å"I am not satisfied by any evidence I have seen.† The questioning continued like this until the press began making fun of the prosecution lawyer and the judge put a stop to it. Johnny Scopes was found guilty of breaking the law and fined one hundred dollars. These are the main reasons for which I believe the United States of America was becoming more intolerant during the 1920’s. I particularly believe the American immigration policy, the Ku Klux Klan and the Red Scare contributed greatly to the views of many Americans and all the intolerance was down to the selfishness of the WASPS who wanted to protect their own supremacy, wealth, beliefs and interests.

building suburbia essays

building suburbia essays Building Suburbia: Green fields and Urban Growth, 1820-2000 Since World War Two, American cities have gone through enormous changes. Industrial decline, crumbling homes and schools, overcrowded neighborhoods, rigid segregation and racial trauma, rising crime and violence and an alarming revenues have all contributed to a troubled urban landscape. For a short period of time in American developments, large scale government interventions seemed to point the way to urban salvation. But in the wake of massive urban renewal, expressway construction, and public housing projects, cities seem worse off than ever. Meanwhile, many sought refuge in the supposed safety of the vast new suburbs that encircled the old cities. But many found that suburban life brought new kinds of problems, such as auto dependency, increased pollution, and a loss of public life. Today, scholars, journalists, and citizens increasingly realize that urban issues are not confined to inner cities, but are broadly metropolitan and national because they involve everyone in an u rban region and the nation. Growing Suburbia is an excellent historical analysis book about suburbs in America. Dolores Hayden, author and a professor at Yale, clearly demonstrates the origin of the suburb and emphasizes the role of the federal government played in building suburbia in America. Examples Hayden uses in the book include policies to subsidizing suburbia by massively funding highways or providing many generous tax benefits to homeowners. Upon reading various chapters, Hayden gives me the impression that she is not very happy about the overly developments and the increasing social crime rates in the urban region. However, Hayden still holds an optimist mind that many issues concerning various urban experiences will improve over time. It is not surprise to find plenty of women and ethnic issues in the book. She points out many controversial topics such as womens role, class...

Free Essays on Its A Mans World

It’s a Man’s World The woman’s role has transformed throughout history. Less than a century ago, only specific professions were open to females, and even these jobs were perceived as second-class, not as creditable or important as men’s work. Still, women fought long and hard for gender equality. Today, women have the right to vote, most, if not all, jobs are open to women, and equal pay, it seems, is a reality society will soon come to know. However, just as society has begun to feel almost ready to accept women as man’s equal, all one must do is open a magazine, and all the hopes and dreams for a gender-equal society seem to come tumbling down. Women are splashed in every magazine, wearing minimal clothing, posing in suggestive manners, and, in ads that include men, are almost always presented under male domination. Thus, one can draw only one conclusion: The image of women in advertising is unrealistic, sexist and the brainchild of men. The world of advertising consists of super thin models, perfectly shaped, and flawless in every way. However, it seems that it is only in the land of publicity where these women hold the majority. Looking up from the magazine and into the real world, it’s been calculated the average woman weighs 23% more than a fashion model found displayed in ads. In addition, women between the ages of 18-34 have a slim 7% probability of being as skinny as a runway model and improbable 1% likelihood of being as thin as a supermodel. (Media scope: Body Image and Advertising) False reflections of the â€Å"average† women, which are clearly boasted all over the United States and Canada, affect women’s self esteem and self-image. 69% of women say the advertised models have manipulated their idea of the â€Å"perfect body†. (Media scope: Body Image and Advertising) The saddest part of all of this, however, is that the pressure to look like the supermodels starts at a very young age. A Me... Free Essays on It's A Man's World Free Essays on It's A Man's World It’s a Man’s World The woman’s role has transformed throughout history. Less than a century ago, only specific professions were open to females, and even these jobs were perceived as second-class, not as creditable or important as men’s work. Still, women fought long and hard for gender equality. Today, women have the right to vote, most, if not all, jobs are open to women, and equal pay, it seems, is a reality society will soon come to know. However, just as society has begun to feel almost ready to accept women as man’s equal, all one must do is open a magazine, and all the hopes and dreams for a gender-equal society seem to come tumbling down. Women are splashed in every magazine, wearing minimal clothing, posing in suggestive manners, and, in ads that include men, are almost always presented under male domination. Thus, one can draw only one conclusion: The image of women in advertising is unrealistic, sexist and the brainchild of men. The world of advertising consists of super thin models, perfectly shaped, and flawless in every way. However, it seems that it is only in the land of publicity where these women hold the majority. Looking up from the magazine and into the real world, it’s been calculated the average woman weighs 23% more than a fashion model found displayed in ads. In addition, women between the ages of 18-34 have a slim 7% probability of being as skinny as a runway model and improbable 1% likelihood of being as thin as a supermodel. (Media scope: Body Image and Advertising) False reflections of the â€Å"average† women, which are clearly boasted all over the United States and Canada, affect women’s self esteem and self-image. 69% of women say the advertised models have manipulated their idea of the â€Å"perfect body†. (Media scope: Body Image and Advertising) The saddest part of all of this, however, is that the pressure to look like the supermodels starts at a very young age. A Me...

The lost youth of all quiet essays

The lost youth of all quiet essays All Quiet on the Western Front Themes "We run, we throw, we shoot, we kill, we lie about, we are feeble, and spent... Paul Baumer A book of the tragedy of war expressed in sorrow by Erich Maria Remarque explains All Quiet on the Western Front to be neither an accusation nor a confession, and least of all an adventure. Throughout this novel many themes are expressed that of which all sum up to the major themes of the senselessness of war. Comradeship, wars brutality, and the lost generation, these themes express the book in its purest form, showing it from a soldiers perspective. We are at rest five miles behind the front. The importance of this line, the opening line of the book, is to notice that Paul is a first-person narrator, and the first word of the book is We. This shows how Remarque wanted to display comradeship as such an importance. Being the only good thing to come out of the war comradeship takes a large place in the novel. Pauls closeness with his comrades begins to grow until he sees the enemy ads comrades with different uniforms. Comrade, I did not want to kill you.... But you were only an idea to me before, an abstraction that lived in my mind and called forth its appropriate response.... This was said after Paul killed Gerald Duval and realized he had a family and friends just like Paul. In Remarques epigraph he states that its dedicated to men destroyed by the war, this having two meanings to it, physically, and mentally. War brutality is highly expressed as Paul sees many of his friends die, and to many it doesnt touch them anymore. As he gets his leave its only misery and pain as he can never read books again or do any other favorite activity stating at the end of his leave simply, I ought never to have come on leave. The death, pain, suffering, starvation, and countless other reasons back up the statement o ...

Early African Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Early African Art - Essay Example ed from either wood or other organic materials, these sculptures were a reflection of certain societal issues, which includes and not limited to the deities. In this relation, this paper considers the following collection of the African Arts; Of all the continents, Africa is one that is much infested with the art of rock painting than all the continents that constitute the world. In addition, rock painting in Africa remains not only the oldest but also one that has been continuously been practiced through generations. Among the features that are shown in the Africans rock painting includes human figures, animals, and a combination of the animals and futures that are related to human beings. These features were collectively referred to as therianthropes normally associated with the shamanism (Abiodun, Henry, and John, 88). The African rock painting can be categorized in three domains, the southern, central, and the northern. The demarcation considers the regional and the similarity in the trend of the rock painting. It is urged that the rock painting of the three domains indicate reasonable degree of resemblance that even untrained eyes would find it easy to recognize and differentiate. It is worth noting that not all the rock painting demonstrates pre-historical existence since most of the rock painting thrived in the nineteenth century and continues to grow today. In South Africa, Drakensberg, the roc painting in the areas simply depicted the confrontation between the European and the San who were considered the Bushmen. The paintings mostly demonstrate the European solders riding o horses and rifles hanging on their shoulders. In is interesting to note that some of the paintings demonstrates three dimensional using a special painting material called the polychrome shading (Bodrogi, 67). What is considered the southern zone in the African rock painting stretches from Cape Town in South Africa and cuts right through Zimbabwe and the Zambezi River in Zambia. The

Advertising and media in the marketing environment Lab Report

Advertising and media in the marketing environment - Lab Report Example The company is headquartered at Herzogenaurach, Germany. The company was founded by Adolf Dassler in the year 1924. Market capitalization of the company is $13.30 billion as of 2011 (Yahoo Finance, 2012). Porter Five Force Purchasing Power of Buyer Buyer power in the industry has weakened due to individuality of customers. Individual consumers lack in financial strength to affect business strategy of large manufacturers such as Nike, Puma, Adidas and others. Buyer power is low due to following factors: (Source: Marketline, 2012) Power of Supplier Sportswear industry is complemented by three inter connected themes such as innovation, research & development and adoption of style trend. In many cases it has been observed that Nike and Adidas design their sportswear in counties like USA, UK and other developed countries but subcontract manufacturing process to developing countries such as China, India and South Korea. Partial control over forward and backward integration of value chain d ecreases power of retailer but increases power of supplier hence it can be said that supplier power is strongNew entrants need to form a new company and diversify their business in order enter sportswear industry. New entrants need to establish strong distribution channel and sustainable logistics framework. New entrants need to invest huge amount of money on setting up logistic division while revenue growth is not very exciting. Risky condition of business and high start up cost have created high entry barrier for new entrants. (Source: Marketline, 2012) Threat of Substitute Online retailers such as eBay, Amazon has emerged as major competitor for brick and mortar sportswear retail channels. In many cases it has been observed as e-business companies are selling branded sportswear to customers without mentioning mark-up difference and technical knowhow. This situation creates negative image about the brand such as Adidas, Nike or Puma in the mind of consumer hence it can be said tha t threat of substitute is high. (Source: Marketline, 2012) Competitive Rivalry Companies like Nike, Puma and Adidas are trying to compete with each other at every aspect of sportswear products. Presence of online and offline retailer has intensified the completion while switching cost is low for customers because branded companies do not provide incentives to them. Based on the situation it can be inferred that competitive rivalry is high in the industry. (Source: Marketline, 2012) PESTLE Political Environment Adidas need to work in coordination with Political Action Committee (PAC) in order to handle government issues of particular country (Curtis, 2010, p. 43). Economic The world is going through economic crisis such as Eurozone sovereign debt problem and recession. These two events have dampened the growth of economy (Lynn, 2010, pp. 94-104). Adidas need to

Marketing Management Principles, Practices and Religion Essay

Marketing Management Principles, Practices and Religion - Essay Example On the other end, faith, which happens to be the greatest provider of meaning in all people’s lives fails to register not even a single statement on the radar of nearly every mainline of marketing reading materials published in the past rigid couple of decades. This apparent and particular paradox is the systemic provider of the backdrop to this paper. Today, different analysts are examining the berthing idea of adjoining politics and religion into the broadened marketing camp. There are brief contemporary reviews of religious marketing, where analysts are undertaking comparison of politics and religion to assess whether these pillars can conform to a uniform framework of marketing for environments, which are non-business. Again, there is critical examination of the idea that religious economy validates marketing in faith environments. All these examinations depict a common factor whereby, they all aim at determining whether it is appropriate to apply marketing management prin ciples and practices to religion (Daft & Marci, 2010). This paper will explore significant objectives that revolve around adopting principles of marketing and methods that show the degree in which marketing management principles finds it appropriate to apply adoption of religious practices and principles.... best part of the past century is that, there has been continuous adoption of marketing principles and practices but its seeds are appearing in the modern part of early years of the twentieth century where disciplinary forms of academics are revealing modern systems of marketing in politics. Years earlier, innovators came up with mass leafleting, polling through computers, personal letters, and established relationship between marketing, and the World Wide Web where efforts to incorporate business and religion passed fruitlessly. This is because of the fact that, most of these innovations oriented business into politics as opposed to business and religion (Curry, 2009). A brief survey of religious marketing Late twentieth century witnessed accelerated adoption of methods of marketing from the mainstream of consumer marketing to initiation in different aspects of life such as religion. At the close of twentieth century, every channel presented and segmented different religious services where the public has an opportunity of choosing. Different writers started documenting the emergency of religious marketing as part of academic focus in early 1980s. Since then, publishing of religious marketing management reading materials started only to last for no more than a year (Vallabhaneni, 2008). However, as time went on, these religious reading materials took a different direction as they started appearing once more in the late 1990s. Particularly, in the US where there a number of organizations equipped with special knowledge, books, and courses were available with the view of helping churches grow and expand their congregations by applying marketing methods and practices into their marketing mainstream. The challenge of religious marketing Even though there are no conventional