Implant of Radio-frequency identification tags in human body has more pros than cons Essay Example for Free

Implant of Radio- oftenness identification chase afters in gentleman body has more pros than cons Essay1.0 IntroductionRFID is the wireless non-contact practice session of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data. The purposes of automatically identifying and bring in tags attached to objects. Since RFID tags puke be attached to clothing, possessions, or rase deep-rooted within people the initiative of reading personally- conjugate information without consent has raised privacy concerns. There ar three types of RFID such(prenominal) as passive, semi-passive and active. For the passive RFID tags does not contain a battery, the part is supplied by the reader. When radio waves from the reader atomic number 18 encountered by passive RFID tag, the coiled antenna within the tag forms a magnetic field. For the semi-passive RFID tags ar very uniform to passive tags except for the addition of a small battery. This battery allows the tag IC to be constantly pow ered.Semi-passive RFID tags are faster in response and thence stronger in reading ratio compared to passive tags. Therefore, the active RFID tag when it is equipped with a battery that sess be functiond as a partial derivative or complete source of power for the tags circuitry and antenna It may feel longer range and larger memories than passive tags as salubrious as the tycoon to store additional information sent by the transceiver. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applied science for human implants and investigates the technological feasibility of such implants for locating and bilking persons or for remotely controlling human biological functions.A human microchip implant is an identifying integrated circuit device or RFID transponder en typesetters cased in silicate glass and implanted in the body of a human being. A subdermal implant typically contains a odd ID number that can be linked to information contained in an external database, such as personal identific ation, physiological characteristics, health, medical history, medications, allergies, and contact information. A classical example of human identification based on RFID-implant is given by the VeriChip tag (11 mm long and about 1mm in diameter) which contains numerical code (identifiers) readable at 10 centimeters or less using a clearheld reader. When illuminating by the low-frequency magnetic field (134 KHz) generated by the reader, the RFID tag powers itself up and transmits a 16-digit code that is unique to the tag. Recent developments in RFID technology apply opened up new potential applications, where RFID devices are implanted in the human body for locating and foiling persons or for remotely controlling human biological functions.2.0Content2.1Medical fieldThe primary goal of applying RFID technology in healthcare is to improve unhurried safety. First, RFID is a rich tool for quickly retrieving patient information, allergies, and medication the patient is currently tak ing or medication a doctor bequeath prescribe to the patient and monitor patient location in hospitals so as to improve the accuracy of patient identification. Besides, microchip contains a unique identification number that emergency force out may scan to immediately identify the patient and access his or her personal health information, thus facilitating appropriate treatment without delay.This is especially important for patients who nominate from conditions that may render them unconscious, confuse, or ineffectual to communicate. Doctors would alike be able to decide the needed equipment and medication with minimal delay in an emergency case where every second is decisive. With the implanted chip, a RFID reader, and a wireless connection, a doctor or nurse can pull up the patients information, or even update the patient information in real time. Some benefits of this include less patient mix-up, being able to access the patient information in real time, and fewer mistakes due to human error during data recording. Productivity would increase since the doctors and nurses would not withstand to go to a reckoner to enter in the updated information.This would allow doctors and nurses to focus more on their professional duties Alzheimer disease, the c miss to common form of dementia which has no cure till date, the most common symptoms is difficult to remember recent events. This has place great burden on caregivers as they have to constantly look after the patient, worrying them lose track in middle of nowhere. By implanting RFID tags in those patients, it is easy to identify and monitor the location and keep track of those patients with Alzheimer disease for their safety purposes. Alerting serve can identify possible human errors and warn care providers in case of danger. For example, automatic poriferan counting by RFID can avoid sponge left inside the patient body.2.1.1Evidence1) VeriChip, the company that hold the rights and patents to the implantab le chip for humans, has sold 7,000 chips with 2,000 of which have been placed in people, according to Scott Silverman, chairman of Applied Digital, which owns VeriChip. The companys present focus is tagging high-risk patients, such as those with diabetes, heart conditions or Alzheimers. (July 30, 2007) 2) According to a survey on employed professional and semi-professional people through with(p) in Pittsburgh, US, 62.5% of the total respondents (comprises of both sexes with equal votes) were willing to accept implants for medical reason3) A number of RFID-related software applications were developed in Taiwan. Some of these applications cogitate on the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to keep back spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) disease. These applications include computerized systems for monitoring the body temperature of healthcare personnel and patients with implanted RFID tag in the hospital, track potential virus carriers and, wh en necessary, map their movements throughout hospitals and retention track of people under quarantine in facilities separate from hospitals.4) Don Mackechnie, the chairman of the British Medical Associations Accident and Emergency committee, and a consultant at the Rochdale Infirmary, said Such a device (RFID tag implantation) could prove very useful in a situation where we have an unconscious patient with an unknown medical history. 5) Twenty-five Alzheimers patients were implanted with radio frequency identification chips that can be linked to their medical records and be tracked if they are lost. The patients were implanted at the 2007 Alzheimers Educational Conference in West typewriter ribbon Beach, Florida. The chips, from VeriChip Corp., Delray Beach, Calif., work with the vendors VeriMed Patient Identification System.Each chip contains a 16-digit identification number that is linked to a patients medical records in a database at the medical facility. Waving the vendors RFI D reader over a patient implanted with a chip can capture the number. Emergency personnel can also use the scanner to identify patients. The event was sponsored by Alzheimers Community Care, a local provider organization. Those who elected to receive the chip are not part of VeriChips deep announced study with the organization, which will implant 200 Alzheimers patients and their caregivers with the chips. In the study, the patients medical record will include their Alzheimers diagnosis, related medications, caregiver contact information, and other information.2.2Human introduceA tracking function could aid authorities in locating missing people such as kidnapping victim. As the numbers of abduction are surging nowadays, RFID implant in human body become the most effective way to fight against this crime. RFID implant in human body can help the authorities to identify their location if they were kidnapped. In fact, RFID implants in children are gaining popularity in Latin American and Russian markets, where parents fear that their children may be kidnapped and are therefore willing to brand them electronically in the hope that it will make it easier to trace kidnapped victims. One of the current have it offs of the world is the escalating numbers of crime. Because of this, authorities may use RFID tracking chips to track fugitives, terrorists, criminals and more. For example, by implanting the RFID tag into the criminal body, it would be easy to track them if they escape by any means.This chip allows the authority to track back the fugitives easily as the tag will locate the location of the criminal. This implantation will certainly help to ensure the safety of citizens from escaped felons at all time. Besides, these tags are incredibly versatile and may help the lives of countless people with chronic medical problems as well up as keeping track of the vulnerable members (extremely young and old) of our society. A vulnerable elderly need this tags because of disability to remember the way back home, age or illness, and may be unable to take care or protect themselves against significant harm or exploitation. So a tag on old people can let the authorities find back them easily. Furthermore, schools are taking advantage of biometrics and RFID technology, as they are cognizant of the increasingly more complex responsibility of keeping children accounted for and safe from arrival through after school programs to transport home.2.2.1Evidence1) A real case of implantation of RFID happened in Mexico. According to the 2011 Mexican congressional report, kidnappings have jumped 317 percent in the prehistoric five years. Surprisingly, one fifth of instances have involved police officers or soldiers, which leads to a mistrust of these authority figures. Thus, some of the Mexicans afford for the implantation of RFID to protect themselves, so that they could be tracked in the case of being kidnapped. They are now having themselves implanted with RFID tracking chips which can help them to be rescued. Xega, the Mexican company that sells the chips and performs the implants, says its sales have increased 40 percent in the past two years. The company says it has successfully helped rescue 178 clients in the past decade. 2) In Brazil, where Applied Digital has already signed a deal on 2004 to supply RFID tracking chips to distributors in Brazil to help them to fight against kidnapping. regimen official says that the chips could be used to track down victims via satellite.2.3Convenience With an RFID implant in the human body, shopping could be as easy as waving your hand and such routine tasks would take less time. The client can automate the process by simply examine their implanted chip and the business could run into the customer and shipment numbers with the barcode number on the item that is to be returned. They would no longer need a receipt to do so and prevent unnecessary arguments. This new technology makes the purch asing function faster and more convenient. If a bank account or character reference fare account is linked to an implanted microchip, making a purchase would be extremely fast and safe. Consumers can also enjoy the peace of mind knowing that there is a greatly reduced change of having their card stolen because it would be imbedded in their hand.Perhaps by utilizing microchip implants banking/credit card applications, females would not have to carry a purse everywhere they go and in turn reduce the risk of theft and, thus, reducing identity theft and fraud, which also appeared to be an important issue to women. Moreover, employers are exploring the advantages of utilizing these technologies to ensure only those employees authorized can enter buildings, turn on lights, access computers, change office thermostat settings and operate specialized machinery safely and according to set standards based on a system that can authenticate those employees who meet the re-determined levels of permission. With the implantation of RFID chips, people could stop worrying about keys for their theater and cars, the lock code of doors, computers, and much more.Kevin Warwick, a professor had a microelectrode array implanted in the median nerve fibers of his left arm that allowed him to develop a system that could connect his nervous system and a computer (Foster and Jaeger 45). Some people who had RFID chips implanted in their bodies have developed circuits that will allow them to jump out their cars by waving their hands near a reader (Foster and Jaeger 45). It would certainly reduce the cases of car stolen as the cars cannot be accessed by people other than the contract person. People can access all of their things with the single micro chips that they have implanted inside their body.2.3.1Statistics Based on a survey done in Pittsburgh, USA, it was found that working professionals between the ages of 25 and 36 years will be more adaptable to the microchips implant technolo gies than other age groups. Numerous studies have also shown that younger people are more likely to adapt to this new technology, particularly those who fall in the age category of 25 to 36, since they are most likely representative of the younger well-educated professionals.2.3.2Evidence 1) Baja Beach Club in Barcelona, Spain Launches Microchip Implantation for VIP members (first discotheque in the world to declare the VIP VeriChip) on 7 April, 2004 * Using an integrated (imbedded) microchip, the VIPS can identify themselves and pay for their food and drinks without the need for any kind of document (ID). Special order at Baja beach Club where only VIPs are allowed contains various exclusive run for these members. Therefore, they wont have to carry a wallet. By simply spillage by our reader, the Baja beach Club will know who you are and what your credit balance is. From the moment of their implantation they will also have free entering and access to the VIP area The customers like the fact that they do not have to carry a credit card or ID card with them and with the VeriPay system, they no longer have to worry about their credit cards undertaketing lost or stolen.2) 18 staff members of the Mexican Attorney Generals office have been implanted with the Verichip to control access to a data room * Mexicos top federal prosecutors and investigators began receiving chip implants in their arms in November 2003 in order to get access to restricted areas inside the attorney generals headquarters, said Antonio Aceves, general director of Solusat, the company that distributes the microchips in Mexico. Although the technology can be out there to imitation (a chip), but what cant be stolen is the unique identification number and the information that is tied to that number, said by director of RFID analysis at ABI Research Inc. based on theory that the chips could be as secure as existing RFID-based access control systems such as the contactless employee badges wide ly used in corporate and government facilities. Silverman said his companys system is nevertheless safe because its chips can only be read by the companys proprietary scanners.2.4Customers Relationship forethought Companies could track customers personal purchases and send promotional items personally tailored to their customers. This has the potential to be a safe and cost-effective way to improve marketing and customer services of companies. Hence, improving customer services is where the benefits are more apparent for implant.The second improvement to CRM identified is the improvement of dispute resolution through mouse logistics. With this technology, any purchases that are made in a store can be database and store for later recollection. For example, this may mean that if a customer inevitably to return an item they would no longer need a receipt to do so. The customer can automate the process by simply scanning their implanted chip and the business could match the customer and shipment numbers with the barcode number on the item that to be returned. This application of relatively inexpensive technology could stop the countless hours and aggravation that customer service managers spend on trying to accommodate consumers disputes.It would also get a great blank space on stopping fraud and other scams that cost stores millions of dollars each year. If it is more difficult to forge documentation of a purchase then potential thieves would research easier prey for customer fraud and theft. Besides, purchasing made by customers is faster by using RFID which will help companies work more efficiently and effectively. This will help company to reduce time and cost and improve company performances. Another important improvement that is identified in the conceptual model is the ability of this new technology to make the purchasing function faster and more convenient.If widespread acceptance could be achieved, there is a distinct possibility that credit and bank ing cards may become obsolete in the near future. If a bank account or credit card account is linked to an implanted microchip, making a purchase would be extremely fast and safe. This implication would serve credit card companies in its ability to stop credit card theft, since a relatively simple precaution may be used that invalidates the microchip if tampered with and forcibly removed. Huge savings may be realized if even small reductions in credit card and identity theft were possible. This enhanced security would allow credit card companies capital to increase the credit lines of their consumers and also potentially lower interest rates.3.0Conclusion In conclusion, RFID applications can provide significant benefits to the healthcare industry to ensure patient safety, avoid medical errors as well as improve efficiency. In fact, healthcare is predicted to be one of the major growth areas for RFID. Besides, RFID can keep track of elderly, children and fugitives. This will help to prevent occurrence of crimes. Moreover, this new technology makes the purchasing function to be faster and more convenient. Lastly, service marketing indicatives could use standard CRM principles to properly track, treat, and order required products and services that personally identify the customer, the needed services, and the proper billing information for such services.

English Communicative Grammar Essay Example for Free

English Communicative Grammar Essay1. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write the in make better word and the correction in your resolving sheet against the correct question number. Remember to underline the word you have supplied. fallacious Correct Often these days we hear and speak of the conquered (eg.) conquered conquest in nature, the taming of a river, the war against insects (a) _________ _________ and so on. Often these phrases being used without consciously (b) _________ _________ attaching all value to them, but they have an underlying attitude of hostile towards Nature and Natures (c) _________ _________ creatures, a viewpoint which seeming to assume (d) _________ _________ Nature as an enemy that needs to being vanquished. (e) _________ _________ Alternatively, Nature is seen merely as the resource to be(f) _________ _________ exploited.2. Read the following conversation and complete the paragraph. Write the answers in yo ur answer sheet against the correct blank numbers.One morning while reading the paper, Raj told his wife (a). His wife, Rita, said that she thought (b).. . Raj replied that (c).. as the cashier had run away with Rs 5 million. 3. Complete the headlines by choosing the correct answers from the options given belowa) Drive against Liquor Mafia launchedThe police ______________________ engaged in smuggling of liquor to the state.b) China develops checkup robotA polytechnic university in China ______________________ that can conduct surgeries.4. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow by choosing the correct options. All pity choked with custom of fell deedsAnd Caesars spirit, ranging for revenge,With Ate by his side come hot from hellShall in these frontier with a monarchs voiceCry Havoc, and let slip the dogs of war1.Who is speaking these lines and when?a) Brutus at Caesars funeralb) Cassius at Caesars funeralc) Antony in the first place Caesars bodyd) Anton y to the popish mob2.How shall Caesar appear and what for?a) as a ghost to latch on revengeb) as a ghost with Ate to take revengec) as a ghost to announce doomsdayd) as a ghost to destroy humanity3.Ate in Greek mythology is thea) goddess of revengeb) goddess of wipeoutc) goddess of destructiond) goddess of deception.5. Answer the following questions briefly ( 20-25 words)(1 x 3 = 4 Marks) i. Antony was indeed an excellent orator who ignited the spirit of revenge in the minds of the Roman people. Describe how he moulded the minds of the Roman people and turned them against the conspirators. ii. How is Brutus successful in taking Caesar to the Senate inspite of Calpurnias efforts to the contrary? iii. Write a note on the celebrated words Et tu Brute spoken by Caesar. 6. Though both Brutus and Antony address the public of Rome before Caesars funeral, there is a basic diversity between the two. Bring out this contrast. Your answer should not exceed 75 words. (6 Marks)

HR Activities: Nestle, Pakistan

HR Activities Nestle, PakistanAbstractThe seek pursues an eminent theme of gay preference management, the cost and turn a profits of human resource activities in an brass. Importance of the HR-activities in an organization flock not be chthonic estimated, as the HR-activities directly or indirectly bring the performance of the organization. The by-line look into pass on study the costs and benefits of HR-activities and its long-term and short-term influence on the performance of Nestl, Pakistan. The study entrust be utilizable in those organizations which prospect an increment in the performance related to the HR-activities. The study will also identify if which activities argon dear and less cost subject for the organization, and how managers can make the investing endings regarding the HR-activities. The positivism along with qualitative method of seek commit been adopted for the study, information will be collected from aboriginal and as well as secondary res ources. query will be pursuing the objectives of the study and will contri only ife to the vast subject of human resource management, namely the Human resource activities, the costs and benefits associated and its influence on the performance and management decisions.1. Introduction1.1. Nestl The Case down the stairs DiscussionNestl headquartered in Switzerland, is a multinational organization carting the human adopts and having its substantial presence in much than 86 larger countries of the world. Nestl has been serving Pakistani consumers since 1988. With market capitalisation change magnitude yearly at average rate of 28% till 2008, Nestl Pakistan having great diversity of workforce, employed 2377 people in 2008, with a net avail of 3005 (PKR) billion, which grew by 94% in 2009, Nestle sh ard 20.7 % of its profit to its employees in 2009. Nestl Pakistan has designed a number of programs to develop the human resources activities e-g world-wide training programs, benefit an d compensation programs, espousal of new technologies etc. The following explore will look into the costs and benefit of HR-activities of Nestl Pakistan, how these activities are grappleed, invested and developed to contact the objectives of the HR-unit and organization as a whole.1.2. solid groundGood people produce good customers is the philosophy of modern era. Efficient and effective human resources are vital for the successful organizations. An organization is said to be exultant if its human resources activities enhance its performance. It is in truth difficult task to manage the human resources in competitive and ch each(prenominal)enging environment. Organizations should consider specific proportion of the profit for investment in Human imagings to achieve high pays.Human resource activities mean the actions performed within all functions of the human resource management. Usually Human Resource activities include Payroll, Benefits, Recruiting, Training, Labour Relati ons, and Human Resources Information Systems. The reason of the following explore is to study the costs and benefits of the HR-activities of Nestl, Pakistan, to get by that how Nestl develop and use its HR-activities to run its vocation successfully. What appreciate the HR-activities are adding towards the Nestl.1.3. RationaleHR activities play key role in the development of organizational performance. So investment in Human Resource activities is an eventful decision to achieve the dissimilar objectives of the organization. However, investing without setting the dispatch objectives can prove to be disastrous for the business. Cost-benefit analysis should be kept in affection onwards make the investment plan for HR-activates. Nestl has strived to achieve the best results through the strong strategies related to the investment in HR-activities. The intention to conduct this research is to search the thins related to the costs and benefit of HR-activities at Nestl, how Nes tl develop its cost-benefit analysis, how it makes its HR related decisions and to what extent these decision are successful.Nestl has to evaluate the cost and benefit of an act before investing in it, e-g should Nestle invest in training of existing employees or recruit new people with the required skills. To k presently whether to invest in the training program or in the recruitment program, organization must project the costs and realizable benefits of the both HR-activities, and then take the relative decision.The research will examine that how Nestl decides about the human resource activities, how it considers the costs, benefits, and how it decides that whether the activity will be outsourced or will be performed within the organization. The research will be functionful to the small and large organizations working in the same industry. It may help managers about how to decide about investing the different HR-activities and what could be the possible choices and ways they c an perform these activities, and which activities can be beneficial and less cost incurring.The research has been divided into five sections, after covering the detailed introduction, the adjoining section will discuss the preliminary review of the literature, and the third section of the research will cover the methods. Fourth section of the research will make up of the interpretations and findings and fifth section of the research will comprise of the discussion, limitations and recommendations.1.4. Research QuestionThe research will boil down on the costs and benefits of the human resource activities at Nestl, Pakistan. Hence the research question is, Why to invest in the HR-activities, the costs and benefits of HR-activities at Nestl Pakistan.1.5. Aims and ObjectivesBesides pursuing the research problem, the research will pursue the following aims and objectivesTo elaborate that which human resource activities are being conducted at Nestl.How these activities affect the overa ll performance of Nestl.To investigate that how Nestl make investment decisions about different HR-activitiesTo explore that how much human resources costs to Nestl and how much return the it is getting back from these activities in both monitory and non monitory terms, and which are the activities giving higher return and incurring lower costs at NestlTo describe that how Nestl , Pakistan is deciding about the HR-activity, whether it is out sourcing the activities or performing it within the organizationTo discuss the issues related to human resources at NestlTo achieve the following objectives, firstly research will study the organization (Nestl) thoroughly, its HR Unit, and HR-activities will be studied deeply, and related info will be gathered from available resources to achieve research objectives.2. Preliminary Review of the LiteratureHuman resources are the fibre and parcel of the management from the day of opening of the idea of a business According to Guest (1997) human resources are required to carry the business activities of the organization. In the past, HRM was known as the personnel management. However, with the sexual climax of humanistic movement the concept of personnel management was broadened and it covered many other aspects which were not included previously in the subject. It was the time when HRM was realized as a vital part of the business to sustain. It was the time when researches on recruitment, wages, leave and leisure were revised, Employees and employers relations were redefined and concepts of financial benefits for the workers were introduced with social benefits.Today human resources are considered the roughly most-valuable asset of an organization and the philosophy of having good human resources is vital to see the good customers and better performance of the organization.2.1. HR ActivitiesHuman resource activities are the functions and actions performed with in the business by the people of the organization. Armstro ng (2006) conducted a study the direct of the study was to analyse the importance of the activity and suggest the HR-managers to evaluate the benefit of the HR-activity under consideration. Human resources in any organization have to perform some stereo type functions like Payroll, Benefits, Recruiting, Training, Labour Relations, employees planning, picking, interviews, placement, transfers, development and Human Resources Information Systems etc., and a crucial practice is to calculate the benefit of each single activity, because every organization incurs a cost on each HR-activity.The justification of the institution of the activity must be provided. In the broader perspective it is one of the basic jobs of HR department in the recent era of high competition to justify the existence of a particular activity to interpret the costs incurred and benefits gained out of the activity. Study think that without calculating the benefit for a HR-activity, organization may invest or inc ur cost on a wasteful activity and benefit out of that activity may be less than the cost incurred. Managers should first conduct the cost-benefit of the activity this way organization minimizes the wastes.2.2. Why to invest in HR-activities?There might be an argument as to why invest in HR-activities, which activities to be invested in and why? Amit and Shoemaker (1936) conducted a study according to which, human resources becomes the invisible tools to promote the organization and develops the core competencies.According to Becker et al. (2001), the purpose of the study was to know that how investments in HR-functions create value through out the organization. It directs the managers to project that which activity should be invested and why. Managers should clarify their goals before embarking on costing a project to ensure that the return over the investment exceed the cost. The more worth piece of music activity according to the authors is to calculate the cost-per-hire or to de termine the most effective way to step-up employee competencies (training) in a certain area HR-score card can also help managers to identify the most salient HR achievable(s) and deliverables.These elements should be unproblematic focus of cost-benefit analysis of the HR-activities strategic importance, financial significance, widespread impact, links to a business element of considerable variability, focus on a key issue, problem, or decision facing line managers. Study concluded that the HR-activities influence the over all performance of the organization, so when investing in these activities managers should keep in view that how a particular activity will be beneficial for the organizational performance and for its long term and short term objectives.According to Arthur (1994), the role of HR-activities for the organization is very crucial. This causality may or may not be calculated in term of money only. The monetary or non-monetary aspect of the correct selection of the ac tivity could lead towards the corresponding performance of the selected activity and the benefit towards the organizational goals. For example, the training cost incurred on an employee can be seen as expenditure but when these employees help the organization to have a competitive advantage, it is not calculable in terms of money only, but it will enhance the performance of the organization may be in terms of higher quality of the product, higher productivity, lower absenteeism, lower turn over or greater satisfaction from the job. So the research concluded that it is necessary to invest into the HR-activities. However According to Barney (1986), organizations that compare the costs and benefits of these HR activities, Should keep into consideration that the benefits out of the HR-activities will be veritable into the future.2.3. Cost-benefits of HR practicesAll HR practices involve a substantial level of costing but there is a resultant benefit out of the activities for the organi zation. The credit of the cost of the whole process or any of the practice therefore may easily be determine but the benefits of the whole process and its parts, are not identifiable just in terms of money but there can be some non-monetary benefits as well, (Becker and Gerhart, 1996).Boudreau (1990) conducted a research the purpose of the research was to apply the cost-benefit analysis to HRM decisions. Cost-benefit analysis is a technique through which the decisions regarding the human resources activities can be made. The cost and benefit analysis consist of the applicable cost of the activity and the benefit out of it, which assist in decision making. It is widely used to make consistent, organized and accurate decisions. Although most of the decision making techniques focus on dollar value but the cost-benefit analysis can be used to improve the decisions and can make usage of the randomness more effective. Therefore, cost-benefit analysis is a simple method that assists to recognize the positive and as well as the negative outcomes of the decision choices to improve the quality, efficiency and communicability of the decision. The research concluded that the cost-benefit analysis can be used to justify the expenditure on HR-activities and programs, it can help in improving the quality of the human resources, it can help in decision making regarding the investment in alternative HR-activities (such as training versus selection, or two different compensation systems), it can help in managing the uncertainty and reduces the risk of failure, and it can help in determining that when to invest in human resources and to forecast the outcomes. Further the research concluded that the cost-benefit models are congenial with financial analysis, but they are different from human resource accounting, because it focuses on HR-decisions.According to Rauschenberger and Schmidt (2005), methods that allow estimating the dollar impact of human resource programs are now available to Industrial-Organizational psychologists and other human resource professionals. These Dollar estimates have been established for numerous recruitment, selection and training programs. But even then the large part of the work has gone unobserved by typical business communities. The human resource professionals and Industrial-Organizational psychologists are unable to communicate their research findings in a clear and credible way to organizational decision makers. The research concluded that Industrial-Organizational psychologists and other technical human resource professionals should place more emphasis on adequately communicating cost-benefit estimates to managers and other organizational decision makers, to improve the decision making regarding the HR-activities.Cost-Benefit Analysis can also help in knowing that whether it would be beneficial for an organization the in-house production of its HR-activities or not and what will be the cost-benefit of outsourcing it. Brown and Wilson (2005) have defined the outsourcing as the act of obtaining services from an external source, while elaborating information technology (IT) outsourcing Kern and Willcocks (2000) state that outsourcing is the practice of contracting out or selling the organizations IT assets, people and/or activities to a third party supplier for monetary payments over an agreed time period.Patry et al., (1999) conducted a study in Canada to develop and estimate a descriptive model of Human resource outsourcing. Six HR-activities were interpreted into consideration Payroll, Benefits, Recruiting, Training, Labour Relations, and Human Resources Information Systems. As per the question that what will determine that whether the organization should outsource the HR-activities are not, the field of the organizational analysis, strategy provision methods and transaction-cost theory were used. The results of the study indicated that the factors of the outsourcing the HR-activities are speci fic to each type of activity. Prior experience of the organization with outsourcing the other activities, business stability/instability, and the existing union have a powerful influence over the decision that which activity will be out sourced and which will not be out-sourced. However cost-benefit analysis can also be used to compare the costs of performing the HR-activities in-house or outsource it, and benefits against the both can be compared to improve the decision.The previous research has identified many HR-activities but the following research will only discuss the major HR-activities Payroll, Benefits, Recruiting, Training, Human Resources Information Systems and the costs-benefits of the following HR-activities at Nestl, Pakistan, in order to achieve the prescribed objectives of the following research.3. methodologyIt is very significant to plan which data will be useful and how it will be collected to achieve research objectives. The data in the following research follo ws case study on human Resources. Mostly this research covers qualitative method and will include quantitative, if demand in future to obtain research objective.3.1. Data Collection MethodsThe following sources are used to collect the data, in order to achieve the objectives of the study.Primary ResearchSecondary Research3.1.1 Primary ResearchPrimary data will be collected to gather information about the HR-activities and to conduct cost and benefit analysis. The research will assemble the results by the study of Nestls website and case studies of Nestl Pakistan and will conduct interviews with peoples working in different sections of Nestl, by online communication, phone calls, emails, flashgun massaging.3.1.2 Secondary ResearchSecondary research will help the researcher to obtain the data which will covers different aspects of the research topics. Following sources will be used to collect the data online HR journals and articles, newspapers, books, publications of Nestl, magazin es, financial statements, business news letters, articles, annual reports and records.3.2. InstrumentsThe following Instrument will used in the study3.2.1. InterviewsThe research will use online interviews to collect the required data. Following questionnaire will be used to collect latest and effective information about the subject area.What are the Human Resource activities being conducted at the Nestl?What Role the HR- activities play at Nestl and generally why these activities are important in any organization?What are, the investment decisions regarding the HR-activities and how they are made?How costs-benefit analysis is conducted at Nestl?What is monetary performance of the organization regarding the HR-activities?Which activities are the value additives and less cost incurring?What are the non-monetary benefits of the HR-activities?Can these activities be conducted differently? If yes then why?What innovations can be brought into the ways of conducting the HR-activities?Does Nestl need to conduct the activities in a particular fashion according to its operation or it just do it conventionally?What are the various possible alternatives of the trustworthy HR-activities at Nestl?Does Nestl consider the ethical issues regarding its HR-activities?What is Nestls philosophy about the worldly issue changing the machines with human beings?What are other issues related to the HR activities?How the issues related to HR-activities are handled at Nestl, Pakistan?Does Nestl consider the cultural constraints, demographics, geographic, various labour laws, environmental constraints, while making policies related to HR-activities?What cultural, environmental and geographical constraints might affect the HR-activities at Nestl?How these constraints are handled?3.2.1.1. Interviews frameworkThe interviews have been scheduled as follows, to complete the primary research and to collect maximum information possible related to the following research.Table 3.1. Interview Fra meworkNo.Interview DateInterview TimeInterviewee figureDesignation of Interviewee122,September,20101200 pmRaymond FrankeChief Financial Officer224,September,2010300 pmUzma Qaiser scum bagHead of Human Resources325,September,2010300 pmAli SadozaiHead of Legal AffairsNo.Interviewee NameResponsibilitiesDiscussion Topics1Raymond FrankeManages the finance department, facilitate the investment decisions, sets the profit goals, financial goals, finance the business operations etc.Investment decisions regarding the HR-activities how they are made?How costs-benefit analysis is conducted at Nestl?Monetary performance regarding the HR-activitiesValue additives and less cost incurring activities2Uzma Qaiser ButtHead of Human resource department handles all the issues related to the human resources, plan, career development, organizational development, people development, compensation and benefit programs and all HR-functions are handled under her supervision.What are the Human Resource activi ties?Role of HR- activities at NestleNon-monetary benefits of the HR-activitiesCan these activities be conducted differently? If yes then why how?What innovations can be brought into the ways of conducting the HR-activities?Does Nestl need to conduct the activities in a particular fashion according to its operation or it just do it conventionally?What are the various possible alternatives of the current HR-activities at Nestl?What is Nestls philosophy about the worldly issue changing the machines with human beings?3Ali SadozaiLooks after and handles all the legal affairs of the company, related to all departments including finance, HR and marketing.Does Nestl consider the ethical issues regarding its HR-activities?What are other issues related to the HR activities?How the issues related to HR-activities are handled at Nestl, Pakistan?Does Nestl consider the cultural constraints, demographics, geographic, various labour laws, environmental constraints, while making policies related t o HR-activities?What cultural, environmental and geographical constraints might affect the HR-activities at Nestl?How these constraints are handled?3.2.2. Other instrumentsRequired data will also be collected fromCalculated costs and benefits from HR-score cards (last 5 years)ROI(s)Financial statements (2005-2010)Published Business news lettersArticlesAnnual reports and records3.3. Sample of the studyAs the research is about the case of Nestl, related to the costs and benefits of its HR-activities, hence the sample of the study is Nestl Pakistan.3.4. Techniques of the AnalysisDue to the most up-to-date information primary research data is considered more reliable and significant. To check the validity of the data, contents of the data will be checked through face- validity technique which involves an knowing opinion and the expert opinion will be taken from Nestls Head of Legal Affairs Mr. Ali Sadozai, after taking the notes from the interview.3.5. Strengths of the MethodologyThe s trength of the research methodology depends upon the relevancy with the topic and objectives of the study. The following methodology provides all the relevance provided the requisite data is retrieved from the quarter concern. As the data is to be gathered from the internal sources of the organization, it is therefore suppositious that management and the staff will facilitate with the required data, the best results may be achieved, as the source of the data is quite reliable.3.6. Ethical ConsiderationsAs the research focuses on role of HRM in multinational, no ethical issues is involved in the study apparently, however, if during the course of the study any ethical issue arises, then it will be dealt in accordance with the best practices available.3.7. Project planThe research has been planned as follows, and will be completed with the given objectives and concerns. The time schedule will be strictly followed, in order to conduct the research successfully.S. Month( Days)Task1.Augu st 25-30Introduction2.September 01-15Literature review3.September 21-29Methodology4.October 01 -15Data collection, Analysis5.October 18 -28Conclusion and Finalizing6.November 01-15Proof reading4. AnalysisData collected through primary research is usually considered as important because of the high reliable source of the data, besides it also provides up-to-dated information. So secondary data will be used to support the research objectives and primary data will be collected to deeply analyse the issues. The following research will cover the in depth analysis of the issues raised into the research, using primary and secondary sources of data to fulfil the various objectives of the research effectively.5. ConclusionThe following research will analyse the issues regarding the HR-activities at Nestl, Costs-Benefits of these activities for Nestl and for other organizations in general, and will probe that what are the issues which the other organizations working on same level and in same industry might face. The research will then provide the various recommendations and suggestions and limitations of the following research to help the future researcher to increase the effort in the following subject area.

What Makes Shakespeares Hamlet Popular?

What Makes Shakespe bes critical point Popular?The Enduring Popularity of Shakespe atomic number 18s settlementWhy is hamlet so popular? Shakespeare wrote unnumberable masterpieces, many of which are debatably more exciting (The Tempest), momentous (Macbeth), intriguing (Othello), romantic (Romeo and Juliet) and profound (King Lear). exactly non only has Hamlet been produced more by the royal stag Shakespeare company than any other work, it is a favourite of troupes (and sense of hearings) around the world. From the plays inception in 1602, up until the discipline Theatres acclaimed proceeds in 2000 (and beyond), Hamlet has captured the imagination. A close examination of the play, along with a careful focus on its themes, go forth shed some light on Hamlets 400 year old enthr exclusively, with a special emphasis on its relevance to a modern British audience.Hamlet is a tale of revenge, murder and existential and spiritual angst. The championship character is a young princ e whose father, the King of Denmark, has un runedly passed a expression. His brother, Claudius, has inherited the throne and taken the former forces wife as his proclaim. Hamlet is visited by his fathers ghost, who informs him that he was murdered by Claudius, and that his death needs to be avenged. Instead of instanter doing so, Hamlet attempts to first confirm his uncles guilt by feigning madness, and later by staging a play of the murder, to which Claudius reaction essentially confirms his guilt. But even with the evidence in hand, Hamlet is still unable to enact his revenge. After accidentally killing the kings councilor Polonius, he is deported to England, and upon his return enters into a affaire dhonneur with Polonius son, Laertes. However, the fight is a setup Laertess blade is poisoned, as is the wine in a goblet from which Hamlet is to drink. While Hamlet wins the duel and ends up killing Claudius, he too succumbs to the poison and dies.In the play, Hamlet is by far the major presence his problem is central to the plot, and his public and head-to-head exultations and speculations dominate the action (Hoy, 1991). Furthermore, the role of Hamlet is far larger than any other in all of Shakespeares works. While the play is filled with ambiguities, the biggest of all make believe to do with Hamlets motivations and actions (Levin, 1959). there is always more to him than the other characters in the play can figure step to the fore. Part of this has to do with the way Shakespeare crafted him his intense pensiveness, his uncertainness, the vagaries of his actions but part of it is Hamlet himself, who actually tells other characters that in that respect is more to him than meets the eye, notably his mother and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. In addition, when he speaks, he sounds as if theres something important hes not saying, maybe something even he is not aware of (Hoy, 1991).What separates Hamlet from other revenge plays is that the action we expec t to see is continually postponed (Wilson, 1951). Instead of organism based on activity, the play is all about character, and really only the character of Hamlet. Many people gaze Hamlet as a play about indecisiveness, but more than this, it can be seen as an examination of action itself that is, the conditions necessary for such, and the appropriate tot up required, depending on the circumstances. The question of how to act is affected not only by Hamlets need for certainty, but by emotional and psychological factors (Halliday, 1964). Hamlet himself appears to distrust the idea that its even possible to act in a controlled, rational way. For when he does act, he does so swiftly and recklessly. This extreme push from paralysis to impulsiveness further adds to his enigmatic nature.Without action to sustain the play, the plot instead revolves around Hamlet contemplating various questions, among them Is the ghost what it appears to be, or is it really trying to wander him? How can the facts about a crime be known without there being any witnesses? Can Hamlet know the intricacies of Claudiuss soul by studying his behaviour? Can we ever really know whether our actions will have the consequences we want them to have? Can we know what happens in the afterlife? (Levin, 1959).This brook question is one of the most powerful throughout the play. There are times when Hamlet seems to feel that death itself may bring the answers to his deepest concerns (Wilson, 1951). The question of his own death plagues him, and he more than once contemplates whether or not suicide is a legitimate choice in an unbearably painful world. Hamlets brokenheartedness is such that he frequently longs for death to end his suffering, but worries that if he commits suicide, he will be suffer eternally in hell. In his famous To be or not to be soliloquy, Hamlet concludes that no one would choose to endure the pain of life if they were not afraid of what will come after death, and that it is th is fear which causes morality to interfere with action (Levin, 1959).In sum, Hamlet, is ambiguous, vague and mysterious, uncertain, indecisive and pensive, self-loathing and self-reflexive, simultaneously afraid to live and afraid to die. Is it any marvel then that people can relate to him? People enjoy Hamlet because he evokes their sympathy. His character is flesh and blood. He doesnt just act he thinks, he questions, he feels. Hamlet is extremely philosophical and contemplative, and takes the time to analyze difficult questions that cannot be answered with any certainty. His melancholy is in many ways endearing. though his actual age is debatable, in essence he is the quintessential teenager, afraid to grow up and take on burdens and responsibility he knows he must(prenominal) and yet is not ready for. His urgency is contagious. Beyond this, there are the questions he deals with, primarily those of death and the afterlife, that haunt us all. It is extremely rare to not only hea r such questions so well articulated, but to hear them articulated at all. These conversations are largely relegated to our own heads. They are intimate and personal, and are seldom expressed. To see them on stage is to bear witness to our own souls.But this only explains why the character of Hamlet is so popular. Though he dominates the course of the action (or lack thereof), there is another reason why the play itself has been so successful and so resonant, which has to do with the famous line Something is dirty in the state of Denmark (Hamlet, I, iv, 90). Everything is related in Hamlet, including the health of the ruling royal family and that of the nation as a whole (Hoy, 1991). Throughout the play, there are lucid connections drawn between the two. Denmark is often described as a physical body made ill by the moral corruption of Claudius. While the all in(p) King Hamlet is portrayed as a strong, noble ruler under whose guard the state was in good health, Claudius, is regard ed as wicked, corrupt and out to satisfy only his own appetites (Wilson, 1951). Throughout history, similar correlations have been made, from Stalin and Hitler to Blair and Bush. While the latter pair are perhaps far less sinister, their political decisions have similarly shaped the perceptions of the citizens of the nations they lead, as well as the perceptions of those on the outside. Our leaders are responsible for the overall health of the state, and the war in Iraq and other actions are doing little at the moment to paint a picture of good health. Close observers of Hamlet, no matter of what time period, sense this parallel instantly.Modern society, specifically the UK, is still in Hamlets thrall. In todays world, with so many problems and too few solutions, it is easy to feel powerless and paralyzed. There are choices to be made, and actions to take, but 1) which ones should be carried out and 2) will they even do any good? The modern person is at a crossroads, and in some way s Hamlet personifies this better than anyone else. Throw in the plays description of the state as being deceased, and the work comes across closely as the poster child for modern malaise. This is evidenced in the 2000 production by the field of study Theatre, which is only one of many recent and successful incarnations of the play. The title role was played by Russell Beale, who prepared for the part by looking into himself in an attempt to bring out the everyman quality of Hamlet, along with his intense self-reflection and (albeit feigned) madness. To do justice to Shakespeares words, in this case gravitating between wit, wryness and self-reflection, Beale decided not to force emotion, but to instead get there slowly, to get the emotional bend right, and not find too many moments of crisis (Beale, 2000). The actor, in perhaps a bit of method, decided to try and capture Hamlets grief by using his own, in this case the fact that his mother died a few weeks before the performance. He also used his foiling over not being able to feel enough to further cement and perfect his interpretation (Beale, 2000). By all accounts he didnt disappoint.The Independent declared Beales Hamlet not at all Hamlet-like, and his performance moving and crystal clear, characterized by an aching regret for the world that might have been rather than a seethe contempt for the world that exists (Taylor, 2000). When Hamlet returned from England, the reviewer found him emanating a shyly gracious acceptance of the mystery of life and fate, and in dying moved towards the audience as if painfully and belatedly conscious of their presence, imparting an even more shattering sense of the waste of a noble life (Taylor, 2000).The Evening model wrote that the performances illuminated the text in ways that made it fresh and accessible, and Beales performance of clarity, humanity and humility held the audience spellboundthey could only suffer with his confusion, grief self-loathing and doubt (de Jongh, 2000).The Guardian complimented Beale for being everything one could hope for witty, ironic, intelligent, a Henry James who is also a swordsman to borrow Harold Blooms phrase, and bookish, inward, pensive and intensely capable of self-scrutiny (Billington, 2000). Furthermore, the paper admired his capacity for surprise, moral sensitivity and parodic wit and his ability to convey the paralysis of the intellectual caught up in a world of realpolitik, resulting in a first-rate, deeply intellectual Hamlet whose weapons are primarily verbal and who understands that revenge cannot offer meaningful redress (Billington, 2000).In the National Theatres production, along with countless others over four centuries, a central theme is constantly repeated Hamlets self-loathing, specifically in regards to his lack of feeling, which, as much as his lack of action, makes him guilty. This aspect of his character is perhaps more relevant today than ever. The theme of powerlessness, along with t he tangible frustration and guilt that comes with it, can easily find a home in the mind of a modern audience member. In addition, Hamlets intensely relatable human all too human qualities, his probing thoughts on the afterlife and the theme of the nation as diseased body are so public and timeless that they shed much light on the plays appeal. Perhaps there will come by a day when Hamlet fails to strike a chord with audiences. But for now, Shakespeares masterful creation and revolutionary character study is safely ingrained in our consciousness.BibliographyBeale, Russell. The Readiness is All. National Theatre, 2000. http//www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/?lid=2485Billington, Michael. The Guardian, September 6, 2000.Crystal, David, and Crystal, Ben. The Shakespeare Miscellany. Penguin late York, 2005.de Jongh, Nicholas. The Evening Standard, September 6, 2000.Halliday, F. E. A Shakespeare Companion 1564-1964. New York Penguin, 1964.Hoy, Cyrus. Hamlet An Authoritative Text, Intellectual Backgrounds, Extracts from the Sources, Essays in Criticism. New York W. W. Norton and Company, 1991.Levin, Harry. The Question of Hamlet. New York Oxford University Press, 1959.Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Braunmuller, A.R., Orgel, Stephen (Eds.). New York Penguin Classics, 2001.Taylor, Paul. The Independent, September 6, 2000.Wilson, John. What Happens in Hamlet. New York Cambridge University Press, 1951.

Cold Pastoral By Marina Keegan

Cold Pastoral By Marina KeeganThroughout J.R.R. Tolkiens world renowned blockbuster novel Lord of the Rings, the treatment ring is mentioned multiple times, however, in Marina Keegans invention Cold Pastoral, neither cold nor pastoral appears. Not even once. Pastoral understructure be a marches used to describe the livelihood of shepherds, but in literary terms, it is a lent word to describe the mode of literature which depicts a simplistic life from its complex content. Similarly, cold layabout be used to describe the weather or feeling of people, but it can also describe a persons constitution as hardhearted, cheer little and cool. The more relevant interpretation of the title together with the story would be the latter of both explanations. The story is about Claire whose boyfriend, Brian, died suddenly and the series of events that followed Brians death. Keegan, the author, through describing Claires uncertainty towards the relationship and the revelation of the realit y of the relationship, splited the cold personality of Claire and her desire to lead a life that feels pastoral, i.e. a simple life, to highlight the impressiveness of revelations.Commitment to a relationship does not just depend on the passion in fact, it relies heavily on the confidence of both parties in the relationship. Appargonntly, Claire is not madly in delight in with Brian. A lot of time was spent being consciously romantic and we might admit I like you , are comments made by Claire on their relationship, which hint that Claire is uncertain about her relationship with Brian (1, 2). As we observe in the real world, couples at the early stages of their relationships are, more lots than not, infatuated with each other. Due to the feeling of uncertainty, Claire lacks faith in her relationship with Brian, thus she is not fully committed. This accounts for, in part, why Claire does not seem super depressed after learning of Brians death. It is this sense of uncertainty th at lingers in Claires mind, the reason for why not a lot of people issue of their relationship.One of the reasons that Claire does not seem too depressed after Brian, her boyfriend, died is that she is uncertain about the relationship, which resulted in her lack of committedness, whilst her personality, cold, also contributes much to her absence of severe depression. Humans are never emotionless beings, which is why our emotions are affected massively by the surroundings. The only stark difference between individuals is their ability to contain emotions. People who are less capable of containing their emotions are often regarded as moody or emotive, while those who are more capable are often regarded as cool and composed. Claire is in spades one of the latter ones. After Brians death, Claire surprised herself that night by crying alone (2). This heralded that Claire has a composed personality and that she does not express her emotions explicitly that often.As the saying goes, Th e onlooker sees the best. People involved in incidents are often lost in their thoughts, and it is only through revelations that they reassess and take a clearer public opinion at the situation. Just after Brians death, Claire was preoccupied by a certain degree of sadness and sorrow. Not only once, but many times, did Claire mention her commitment to Brian, this is revealed from her comment Id underestimated how much I liked him (2). As it turns out, her emotions and view to her relationship drastically alters after reading Brians diary. Contrary to her sadness and sorrow, Claire comments that Im actually feeling great and Fuck Brian, I thought now, which reveals that she, rather than feeling upset, is on the one hand angry with Brian, and on the other hand, feeling relieved for realizing this fact earlier instead of later (8). Had Brian not died, she would not have discovered this painful reality and broke away from feeling blue. Brians death, though sorrowful and pitiful, has given Claire a chance to reveal the truth and free herself from the bondage of the relationship.Keegan successfully portrays Claires personality through her response to Brians death, which also reveals her desire for a simple relationship the unionize reverse of the relationship she had with Brian. Actions much(prenominal) as being consciously romantic, waiting too long before responding to texts and Brian and Claire took a certain pride in our ambiguity are indications that the relationship involved complications (1, 1, 2). As the title Cold Pastoral suggests, Claire is eager to seek a relationship that is simply simple. Claires request is very simple she likes being liked (1). She wanted her partner to simply love her and take care of her. After the revelation through Brians death, she is crystal clear about the kind of relationship that she pursues more than anything Id ever wanted in my life, I wanted him to love me (11). Claire simply cannot resist the opportunity to beg in a simple, committed love affair.Apart from the contents of the story, Keegans manipulation of prose and style conveys strong messages about the characters and the plot. When we read the story, the narration affects our judgment greatly. Since this story is a first person narration, we have to be critical about the emotions of the narrator. Throughout the story, the tale was narrated from the perspective of Claire, the main character, and I and We are mainly used as the pronoun for Claire as the narrator (1). In much(prenominal) narration, the contents of the tale are easily influenced by the emotions of the narrator. Claire, whose boyfriend has just died, is with grief and pain, which indicates that she is at times pathetic and hysterical. This suggests that the narration given by Claire whitethorn not be as reliable as regular stories due to her fluctuating moods. Keegan, by using first person narration, is trying to place readers in Claires position. By doing so, readers can e asily imagine themselves as Claire, which arouses sympathy for Claires experience.In many peoples view, literary works should be elegant and profound, but plain and fresh descriptions can also be powerful in conveying messages. When one reads the story, one is bound to come across many controversial choices of words, such as fuck, shit and penis, which do not normally exist in conventional novels or essays (7, 6, 2). Furthermore, the story includes many lines of dialogue and often comes with short and incomplete sentences, such as I just wishing time to myself to and I know she waits before responding which is (6, 7). The expressions, straightforward and natural, which are intentionally deployed by Keegan, can fully reveal Claires feelings and the thoughts going through her troubled mind. Since this story is about the events that happened to Claire, this writing style allows readers to have a more in-depth understanding of Claires plight, thus arousing echoes of the idea of revela tion.Keegan unploughed the story compact, which creates a fast pace for the story, to suit the short time-span of the occurrence of events. The events in the story happened within a very limited time-span, despite the complex nature of the story. If all the ideas were explained in details, the story would have a very slow pace, which does not match with the swift happening of events. To achieve fast pacing for the story, Keegan kept the paragraphs of the text relatively short, while ideas within these paragraphs are at times incomplete, such as I just need time to myself to and I know she waits before responding which is (6, 7). From the examples, Keegan is providing a very vague image of Claire and a brief lead in of her thoughts. Contrary from giving the whole story, these short fragments allow readers to conceive the situation of Claire slowly but gradually. This allows Keegan to both keep the story concise yet providing sufficient vital information for readers to interpret th e setting of the story and hold up a great impact on the minds of readers through their imagination.In the story, Keegan deliberately arranged the events in a non-chronological order, which enables readers to think in the minds of Claire. Events of stories are often in chronological order, which enables the reader to easily understand the contents of the story. However, in Cold Pastoral, the events, rather than in chronological order, are following Claires free flow of thought. In the beginning of the story, Claire mentions her relationship with Brian and Brians sudden death (2). After the severance line, the focus turns to her interaction with her friends (2). After the second breaking line, Claire expresses her views on Lauren, Brians ex-girlfriend (2). Furthermore, after the third breaking line, the narration mentions Claires visit to Brians family (3). If the story is to be in chronological order, Claires comments on Lauren should be excluded from the context. Keegan, intentio nally inserts this scene in such a way to reveal the thoughts in Claires mind. The illogical ordering of events provides readers with an in-depth understanding of Claires thoughts, and also allows readers to comprehend the mindset of Claire fragmented thoughts and troubled with disarray.Revelation is ubiquitous, but we often underestimate its effects. People need revelation, and then they need resolution, Damian Lewis once said (Lewis). Just like in Cold Pastoral, Claire, who believed that her relationship with her boyfriend Brian was perfect, realizes that she is actually not as dedicated as she believed to the relationship as well as Brian. We need not evade revelations, for revelation does more good than harm. In fact, revelation not only provides us information about the facts, but also provides a chance for us to step back and reassess our stances. The omnipresence of revelation is bound to amaze those who look across it. Revelation can be as significant as the death of a per son, as shown from the example in the story Cold Pastoral, or it can be as minute as receiving a marked quiz script at school. Events, which one may or may not notice, can often be regarded as revelations, as long as they allow one to introspect. The story, Cold Pastoral, not only successfully portrays Claire, the heroine, but also provokes the minds of readers to guinea pig revelations squarely.

Frida Kahlo Essay -- Spanish Essays

Frida Kahlo naci el 6 de Julio 1907 en la ciudad de Mxico. Ella les dijo a muchas personas que naci el 7 de Julio 1910 porque quiso parecer ms joven a los otros. Aunque sus beginners fueron judos, Frida naci en Mxico. Frida fue una artista surrealista y sus obras vi de sus emociones de la tristexa y la clera de su vida. Ella le encant decir los chistes, rer, y sonrer. Frida Kahlo llev las ropas de la cultura tradicional de Mxico porque pens que las ropas fueran una forma del arte. Todo el mundo admir mucho a Frida, a causa de sus obras y su actitud.Cuando Frida tena seis aos, ella estuvo muy enferma bustle la polio. Aunque se recuper, su pierna derecha era ms larga que su pierna izquierda. Muchos nios se reyeron a ella, y entonces Frida estudi mucho para evitar los chistes de ella.Ella fue muy intelegente porque ella estudi. Frida fue la nia favorita de su padre porque ella era intelegenta, y entonces ella le gust su padre y no le gust su madre. Eventualmente, acept en El Prepo, una escuela privada para los nios mejores. Slo treinta y cinc...

Signification of Icons in a Computer GUI :: Icons Symbols Essays

Signification of Icons in a Computer graphical user interfaceIn 1867 in his paper On a New amount of Categories, Charles Peirce said that there were three kinds of signs icons, indices, and symbols. According to Thomas Sebeok a sign is said to be iconic when there is a topological similarity between a signifier and its denotata. Icons are then something that resembles the object that they represent. That similarity between icon and object is fundamentally what sets icons apart from the otherwise two kinds of signs. Indices do not develop any similarity with their significants, but have a cause and effect relationship. Symbols do not have any direct relationship with an object other than the meaning that imposed or collectively agreed upon a group of humans.In this paper I want to reflect only on oneness of the three kinds of signs in Peirce triad. I have selected the icon for this discussion because this is currently one of the most common used and misunderstood terms in our soci ety. whizz of the reasons for this phenomenon is the fact that some very particular pictures called icons have appeared in millions of computer screens around the world. These so called icons are the core elements of the concept called graphical user larboard (GUI). The GUI is the computer industrys attempt to make personal computing a reality for every one. This virtual environment runs pictures that are suppose to be beaten(prenominal) and allows users to interact directly with them by virtue of a kinesthetic action like the movement of a mouse. This has proven to be a lot much appealing for a great amount of people as oppose to having to memorize and type verbal (symbolic) computer commands.Computer icons within a GUI are supposed to resemble some real object. The success of an icon on communicating the right meaning to the user depends on the accuracy of the representation and, of course, the users ability to recognize the relationship. Notice that a computer system will h ave all kinds of signs built in to communicate with the user. Key words and sentences that provide instructions or alert the user of the status of the system are symbols. A user is considered computer literate when he or she can substantiate those symbols. Another way in which a computer system communicates with a user is by means of indices. When a system is turned on or off, a light that indicates the status of the system is an index.